. 2017 May 20;60(8):1400–1408. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4297-0

Table 2.

Cox regression analysis showing the relationship between cardiovascular and other risk factors and the development of renal function decline

	Model 1			Model 2
	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Established kidney disease risk factors
Age	1.58	1.32, 1.90	<0.001	1.39	1.14, 1.70	0.001
Sex (women)	1.55	1.08, 2.23	0.018	2.01	1.35, 2.99	0.001
SBP	1.15	0.96, 1.37	0.129	1.24	1.03, 1.49	0.021
HbA_1c	1.26	1.10, 1.45	0.001	1.30	1.09, 1.54	0.003
log₁₀ Diabetes duration	1.38	1.15, 1.66	0.001	1.32	1.07, 1.62	0.009
eGFR	0.50	0.42, 0.60	<0.001	0.47	0.39, 0.57	<0.001
log₁₀ ACR +1	1.14	0.96, 1.34	0.127	1.07	0.87, 1.25	0.662
log₁₀ Smoking pack-years +1	1.23	1.01, 1.49	0.038	1.33	1.09, 1.64	0.006
Prevalent microvascular disease
Retinopathy
No retinopathy
Mild	1.32	0.89, 1.95	0.168	0.96	0.64, 1.44	0.836
Moderate/severe	1.60	0.58, 4.40	0.359	0.78	0.26, 2.25	0.630
Prevalent CVD
CVD (history of MI, angina, claudication, TIA/stroke)	1.56	1.09, 2.30	0.017	1.20	0.79, 1.80	0.394
CVD risk factors
DBP	1.02	0.84, 1.23	0.883	0.96	0.77, 1.20	0.722
Total cholesterol	0.95	0.79, 1.15	0.615	0.90	0.74, 1.09	0.261
HDL-cholesterol	0.90	0.74, 1.09	0.294	0.89	0.73, 1.09	0.263
Cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio	1.02	0.85, 1.22	0.863	0.99	0.81, 1.22	0.936
log₁₀ hsCRP	1.19	0.99, 1.43	0.070	1.35	0.92, 1.99	0.130
Subclinical markers of CVD
cIMT	1.06	0.87, 1.29	0.581	1.07	0.88, 1.30	0.492
PWV	1.25	1.03, 1.53	0.026	1.09	0.99, 1.19	0.077
ABI	0.83	0.70, 0.97	0.022	0.48	0.14, 1.66	0.247
Biochemical markers of CVD
log₁₀ NT-proBNP	1.35	1.12, 1.62	0.002	1.18	0.96, 1.45	0.108
log₁₀ hsTnT	1.56	1.30, 1.87	<0.001	1.51	1.22, 1.87	<0.001

Data are HR (95% CI) by Cox regression analysis

HR for continuous variables relate to a 1 SD increase

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex; Model 2, adjusted for established CKD risk factors (age, sex, SBP, HbA_1c, log₁₀ ACR+1, baseline eGFR, duration of diabetes, log₁₀ smoking pack-years +1)