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Groups where HCC surveillance is recommended
| HCC risk (per year) | |
|---|---|
| Cirrhotic hepatitis patients | |
| HBV | 3–5% |
| HCV | 2–7% |
| NASH | 2–4% |
| Genetic hemochromatosis | Unknown, but probably >1.5% |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | 2–3% |
| Alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency | Unknown, but probably >1.5% |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | |
| Other etiologies | Unknown |
| Chronic HBV carriers | |
| Noncirrhotic (HBsAg positive) | |
| Asian females >50 years | 0.3–0.6% |
| Asian males >40 years | 0.4–0.6% |
| Africans aged >20 years | NA |
| History of HCC in the family | NA |
