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. 2017 Jun 30;8:1120. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01120

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Copyright © 2017 Kumar, Gho, Jung and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Analysis of cold stress responses by japonica and indica rice cultivars. (A) Phenotypes associated with cold-stress response by ‘DJ’ and ‘IR64’ rice seedlings observed during treatment for 4 days followed by 5 days of recovery. (B) Tolerance of seedlings based on survival rates. (C) Fresh and dry weights after recovery from cold stress. (D) Photosynthetic efficiency (F_v/F_m) after cold treatment for 4 days. (E) Determination of ROS concentrations (i.e., levels of H₂O₂) in seedlings after cold treatment for 24 h. (F) Expression of 2 marker genes (OsZFP182 and OsWRKY71) in stressed seedlings, using OsUbi5 as an internal control. ^∗∗∗, p-value < 0.001, ^∗∗, 0.001< p-value < 0.01; ^∗, 0.01 < p-value < 0.05.