Table 3.
Glucose tolerance AUC and plasma glucose, hormone and lipid concentrations of 3‐week‐old male and female offspring exposed to sucrose or HFCS‐55 during the prenatal and/or suckling periods
| C‐C | S‐S | S‐C | C‐S | P‐value | C‐C | H‐H | H‐C | C‐H | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 week male | n = 7 | n = 11 | n = 8 | n = 7 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 9 | ||
| Blood glucose AUC (mmol l–1 min–1) | 1146.2 ± 41.0 | 1130.8 ± 35.9 | 1146.2 ± 22.7 | 1182.2 ± 33.9 | 0.760 | 1146.2 ± 41.0 | 1137.4 ± 27.6 | 1236.9 ± 51.5 | 1191.1 ± 47.0 | 0.366 |
| Glucose (mmol l–1) | 12.9 ± 0.5b | 10.7 ± 0.3a | 11.5 ± 0.5a, b | 12.2 ± 0.5a, b | 0.006 | 12.9 ± 0.5 | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 13.8 ± 1.0 | 12.3 ± 0.5 | 0.084 |
| Insulin (ng ml–1) | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 0.53 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.060 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 0.48 ± 0.11 | 0.212 |
| Leptin (ng ml–1) | 4.59 ± 0.51 | 5.41 ± 0.64 | 4.70 ± 0.61 | 6.93 ± 0.73 | 0.091 | 4.59 ± 0.51 | 5.22 ± 0.57 | 4.78 ± 0.66 | 6.70 ± 0.76 | 0.100 |
| TG (mmol l–1) | 2.31 ± 0.22a, b | 1.92 ± 0.13a | 1.60 ± 0.21a | 2.85 ± 0.31b | 0.002 | 2.31 ± 0.22 | 1.99 ± 0.22 | 2.25 ± 0.12 | 2.22 ± 0.21 | 0.706 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 3.66 ± 0.15 | 3.70 ± 0.11 | 3.76 ± 0.29 | 4.05 ± 0.28 | 0.586 | 3.66 ± 0.15 | 3.46 ± 0.23 | 4.02 ± 0.23 | 3.64 ± 0.15 | 0.245 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 0.60 ± 0.06a, b | 0.58 ± 0.06a, b | 0.82 ± 0.08b | 0.35 ± 0.05a | 0.001 | 0.60 ± 0.06b | 0.64 ± 0.07b | 0.64 ± 0.02b | 0.41 ± 0.03a | 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 3.06 ± 0.15 | 3.12 ± 0.11 | 2.95 ± 0.34 | 3.70 ± 0.27 | 0.152 | 3.06 ± 0.15 | 2.82 ± 0.21 | 3.38 ± 0.24 | 3.23 ± 0.18 | 0.261 |
| HDL/LDL ratio | 16:84a, b | 16:84a, b | 23:77b | 8:92a | 0.001 | 16:84b | 19:81b | 16:84b | 10:90a | 0.001 |
| 3 week female | n = 8 | n = 11 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 9 | ||
| Blood glucose AUC (mmol l–1 min–1) | 1118.7 ± 40.4 | 1069.0 ± 30.2 | 1082.8 ± 30.4 | 1113.5 ± 40.8 | 0.701 | 1118.7 ± 40.4 | 1086.4 ± 18.9 | 1142.0 ± 57.9 | 1176.7 ± 59.6 | 0.589 |
| Glucose (mmol l–1) | 13.5 ± 0.7b | 10.7 ± 0.4a | 11.7 ± 0.7a, b | 11.0 ± 0.5a, b | 0.015 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 11.8 ± 0.8 | 13.3 ± 1.1 | 12.4 ± 0.8 | 0.524 |
| Insulin (ng ml–1) | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 0.40 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.079 | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.60 ± 0.16 | 0.49 ± 0.10 | 0.795 |
| Leptin (ng ml–1) | 4.29 ± 0.40 | 5.64 ± 0.50 | 4.72 ± 0.54 | 6.44 ± 0.75 | 0.056 | 4.29 ± 0.40 | 5.87 ± 0.66 | 4.91 ± 0.55 | 5.89 ± 0.54 | 0.119 |
| TG (mmol l–1) | 2.05 ± 0.22 | 1.85 ± 0.10 | 1.79 ± 0.23 | 2.25 ± 0.28 | 0.390 | 2.05 ± 0.22 | 2.15 ± 0.21 | 1.96 ± 0.18 | 2.10 ± 0.19 | 0.925 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 3.51 ± 0.21 | 3.70 ± 0.14 | 3.82 ± 0.28 | 3.91 ± 0.26 | 0.649 | 3.51 ± 0.21 | 3.50 ± 0.32 | 3.54 ± 0.23 | 3.51 ± 0.15 | 0.999 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 0.57 ± 0.05a, b | 0.66 ± 0.07a, b | 0.75 ± 0.08b | 0.42 ± 0.06a | 0.016 | 0.57 ± 0.05a, b | 0.67 ± 0.07b | 0.71 ± 0.04b | 0.45 ± 0.05a | 0.005 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 2.96 ± 0.22 | 3.05 ± 0.15 | 3.07 ± 0.32 | 3.49 ± 0.24 | 0.416 | 2.96 ± 0.22 | 2.82 ± 0.35 | 2.80 ± 0.26 | 3.06 ± 0.13 | 0.849 |
| HDL/LDL ratio | 15:85a, b | 18:82a, b | 21:79b | 10:90a | 0.017 | 15:85a, b | 21:79b | 21:79b | 12:88a | 0.004 |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The reported P‐value indicates the effect of treatment within each sex, as determined by the one‐way ANOVA. a,bDifferent superscript letters denote mean values that were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05) for each sex within each experimental grouping. AUC, area under the curve; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein. Significant P‐values are in bold.