Table 6.
Hepatic lipid concentrations in 12‐week‐old male and female offspring exposed to sucrose or HFCS‐55 during the prenatal and/or suckling periods
| C‐C | S‐S | S‐C | C‐S | P‐value | C‐C | H‐H | H‐C | C‐H | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 week male | n = 6 | n = 5 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | ||
| Total liver fat content (%) | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 0.406 | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | *0.352 |
| TG (mg 100 g–1) | 1463 ± 128 | 1011 ± 19 | 1410 ± 224 | 1624 ± 128 | *0.279 | 1463 ± 128 | 1313 ± 184 | 1897 ± 195 | 1502 ± 245 | 0.204 |
| FFA (mg 100 g–1) | 104.9 ± 4.5 | 106.4 ± 2.5 | 114.8 ± 7.0 | 107.1 ± 6.6 | *0.601 | 104.9 ± 4.5 | 115.9 ± 6.4 | 124.8 ± 2.3 | 119.2 ± 10.2 | *0.252 |
| Phospholipid (mg 100 g–1) | 2367 ± 148 | 3407 ± 533 | 2406 ± 77 | 2327 ± 21 | ⋀, # 0.036 | 2367 ± 148 | 2421 ± 70 | 2649 ± 193 | 2571 ± 69 | 0.408 |
| SFA (mg 100 g–1) | 1275 ± 50 | 1196 ± 66 | 1290 ± 44 | 1250 ± 65 | *0.723 | 1275 ± 50 | 1255 ± 33 | 1433 ± 46 | 1278 ± 85 | 0.146 |
| MUFA (mg 100 g–1) | 641.6 ± 63.0 | 683.1 ± 180.5 | 683.3 ± 48.9 | 806.1 ± 97.6 | 0.694 | 641.6 ± 63.0 | 762.1 ± 95.5 | 834.5 ± 93.5 | 751.1 ± 115.3 | 0.551 |
| n‐3 (mg 100 g–1) | 261.6 ± 8.6 | 244.3 ± 15.4 | 268.5 ± 10.2 | 253.6 ± 6.7 | *0.420 | 261.6 ± 8.6 | 264.2 ± 5.6 | 289.9 ± 12.2 | 257.5 ± 20.1 | *0.315 |
| n‐6 (mg 100 g–1) | 1362 ± 123 | 1269 ± 35 | 1288 ± 70 | 1143 ± 29 | 0.344 | 1362 ± 123 | 1299 ± 56 | 1598 ± 75 | 1443 ± 184 | 0.350 |
| n‐7 (mg 100 g–1) | 112.4 ± 12.0 | 95.9 ± 5.5 | 116.9 ± 7.0 | 106.4 ± 7.0 | 0.385 | 112.4 ± 12.0 | 148.8 ± 8.4 | 129.1 ± 4.0 | 143.7 ± 10.1 | 0.052 |
| n‐9 (mg 100 g–1) | 506.4 ± 49.7 | 557.3 ± 158.0 | 505.9 ± 69.6 | 676.7 ± 81.6 | 0.507 | 506.4 ± 49.7 | 609.6 ± 92.4 | 687.3 ± 90.8 | 600.9 ± 116.4 | 0.580 |
| 12 week female | n = 6 | n = 5 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 6 | ||
| Total liver fat content (%) | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | ⋀ 0.032 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 0.6 | *0.261 |
| TG (mg 100 g–1) | 1883 ± 185 | 1324 ± 151 | 1951 ± 249 | 1927 ± 370 | *0.428 | 1883 ± 185 | 2110 ± 572 | 2350 ± 392 | 1665 ± 198 | 0.605 |
| FFA (mg 100 g–1) | 193.8 ± 42.4 | 138.0 ± 10.3 | 172.2 ± 11.4 | 189.4 ± 36.9 | *0.668 | 193.8 ± 42.4 | 163.1 ± 16.2 | 173.2 ± 18.3 | 237.3 ± 60.3 | *0.554 |
| Phospholipid (mg 100 g–1) | 2555 ± 93 | 2397 ± 69 | 2387 ± 65 | 2493 ± 42 | #0.372 | 2555 ± 93 | 2502 ± 77 | 2497 ± 57 | 2502 ± 66 | 0.939 |
| SFA (mg 100 g–1) | 1618 ± 260 | 1211 ± 67 | 1432 ± 56 | 1597 ± 194 | *0.458 | 1618 ± 260 | 1540 ± 137 | 1518 ± 99 | 1451 ± 272 | 0.951 |
| MUFA (mg 100 g–1) | 837.0 ± 195.3 | 511.3 ± 10.9 | 847.3 ± 91.4 | 875.3 ± 162.9 | 0.516 | 837.0 ± 195.3 | 694.7 ± 88.6 | 743.5 ± 80.4 | 864.0 ± 218.1 | 0.885 |
| n‐3 (mg 100 g–1) | 346.2 ± 52.8 | 268.0 ± 17.8 | 328.3 ± 11.4 | 363.8 ± 42.7 | *0.427 | 346.2 ± 52.8 | 330.3 ± 22.1 | 334.8 ± 23.9 | 358.3 ± 68.1 | *0.973 |
| n‐6 (mg 100 g–1) | 1471 ± 228 | 1175 ± 85 | 1157 ± 35 | 1349 ± 168 | 0.513 | 1471 ± 228 | 1365 ± 159 | 1479 ± 166 | 1291 ± 214 | 0.889 |
| n‐7 (mg 100 g–1) | 117.0 ± 18.1 | 86.4 ± 5.5 | 96.2 ± 6.8 | 107.8 ± 12.4 | 0.416 | 117.0 ± 18.1 | 121.0 ± 19.3 | 107.3 ± 9.8 | 127.7 ± 23.7 | 0.884 |
| n‐9 (mg 100 g–1) | 711.5 ± 177.0 | 419.6 ± 12.7 | 742.9 ± 89.3 | 756.4 ± 151.8 | 0.509 | 711.5 ± 177.0 | 648.8 ± 45.0 | 744.0 ± 126.2 | 726.2 ± 195.8 | 0.983 |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The reported P‐value indicates the effect of treatment within each sex, as determined by the one‐way ANOVA. a,bDifferent superscript letters denote mean values that were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05) within each experimental grouping. *A significant effect of offspring sex, independent of treatment, within each experimental grouping. #A significant interaction between treatment and sex, as determined by the two‐way ANOVA. ⋀While the one‐way ANOVA identified a significant effect of treatment, no significant differences were detected between treatments by the Bonferroni post hoc test. TG, triglyceride; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; FFA, free fatty acid; n‐3, omega‐3; n‐6, omega‐6; n‐7, omega‐7; n‐9, omega‐9.