Figure 5. Leptin treatment reduced the occurrence of trigger activities and spontaneous Ca²⁺ waves induced by TAC.

A, representative example of DAD and spontaneous AP (TA, triggered activity) recorded in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from TAC mouse. B, percentage of cells eliciting TA (n = 4–6 mice; n = 19–28 cells). The number of cells with TA/total analysed cells is noted above each bar. C, representative example of spontaneous Ca²⁺ wave recorded in TAC cardiomyocyte at rest. D, percentage of cardiomyocytes presenting Ca²⁺ waves (n = 4–6 mice; n = 46–67 cells). The number of cells with Ca²⁺ waves/total analysed cells is noted above each bar. E, representative immunoblots (top) and average ratio of protein levels (bottom) expressed as a percentage of NCX normalized by GAPDH. Data are presented as a percentage. ^** P < 0.01 and ^*** P < 0.001 vs. sham vehicle; ^††† P < 0.001 vs. TAC vehicle; ^### P < 0.001 vs. sham leptin.