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. 2017 Jun 30;8:1119. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01119

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Copyright © 2017 Lau, Guo, Pang, Tang, Thomas and Saunders.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Floral phenology and daily activity patterns of beetle pollinators of five Annonaceae species, obtained using a Drosophila Activity Monitor. (A) Pollinator of Polyalthia suberosa: Curculionidae sp. (n = 8). (B) Pollinator of Desmos chinensis: Amystrops sp., Curculionidae (n = 48); phenology bar redrawn from Pang and Saunders (2015). (C) Pollinator of Dasymaschalon trichophorum: Endaenidius cf. polyalthiae, Curculionidae (n = 27); phenology bar redrawn from Pang and Saunders (2014). (D) Pollinators of Friesodielsia borneensis: cf. Carpophilus sp., Nitidulidae (n = 7); Staphylinidae sp. (n = 6); Curculionidae sp. (n = 3). (E) Pollinators of Goniothalamus tapisoides: Endaeus sp. 1, Curculionidae (n = 20); Endaeus sp. 2, Curculionidae (n = 22); Endaeus sp. 3, Curculionidae (n = 13); cf. Carpophilus sp., Nitidulidae (n = 11); phenology bar redrawn from Lau et al. (2016). The activity patterns were reconstructed over a 24-h period and the data repeated in the diagram over subsequent days. Error bars show standard error.