Table 1.

Examples of oncolytic alphavirus vectors applied for cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer	Vector/Gene	Effect	Reference
Blood	SIN	tumor targeting, prolonged survival	[80]
Bone	SFV/EGFP	tumor regression, improved survival	[75]
	SFV/EGFP	tumor cell killing	[79]
Brain and neuronal	SFV/IL-12	tumor regression, improved survival	[77]
	SFV/EGFP	tumor eradication	[71]
	SFV4-miRT124	tumor regression, improved survival	[96]
	SIN/GFP	tumor killing in vivo	[72]
	CHIK	apoptosis in U87MG cells	[73]
	SIN AR339	tumor regression in vivo	[68]
Cervix	SIN AR339	suppression of ascites formation	[65]
Colon	SFV/EGFP	tumor regression	[79]
	SFV/IL12 + PD1	tumor regression, prolonged survival	[82]
Kidney	encSFV/IL12	enhanced IL-12 secretion in patients	[105]
Liver	M1	tumor growth inhibition	[83]
Lung	SFV/EGFP	tumor regression	[75]
Melanoma	SFV/EGFP	tumor regression in mouse, rat	[71]
	SFV/EGFP	tumor regression in mice	[70]
	SFV/IL12 + PD1	tumor regression, prolonged survival	[82]
	encSFV/IL12	enhanced IL-12 secretion in patients	[105]
Oral	SIN AR339	apoptosis in OSCC cell lines	[67]
Ovarian	SIN AR339	suppression of ascites formation	[65]
	SFV + VV/OVA	tumor killing	[81]

CHIK: Chikungunya virus; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; encSFV: liposome encapsulated SFV; IL-12: interleukin 12; OVA: ovalbumin; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; PD1: anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody; SFV: Semliki Forest virus; SIN: Sindbis virus; VV: vaccinia virus.