Table 1.
Onset of outbreak of infectious diseases around the world over the last six years (until September 2016) according the World Health Organization (WHO) [15,16,17,18]. Data are presented by continent, country, disease, and year of outbreak.
| Infectious Diseases | Number of Countries Affected | Year(s) of Outbreak Occurrence (Since 2010) | Edible Vaccines Already Tested in Animals (Not Humans) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zika | 29 | 2015, 2016 | |
| Poliomyelitis | 19 | 2010, 2011, 2013 to 2016 | |
| Measles | 17 | 2010, 2011, 2013 to 2015 | |
| Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | 15 | 2012 to 2016 | Tomato [23], Corn [24,25,26] |
| Ebola | 12 | 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 | |
| Yellow fever | 12 | 2010 to 2013, 2016 | |
| Cholera | 8 | 2010 to 2013, 2015 | Potato [27], Tomato [28], Algae [29] |
| Lassa fever | 7 | 2012, 2015, 2016 | |
| Chikungunya | 6 | 2014, 2015, 2016 | |
| Dengue | 5 | 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016 | |
| Avian influenza, H5N1 virus | 5 | 2010 to 2014 | |
| Rift Valley fever | 4 | 2010, 2012, 2016 | |
| West Nile virus | 3 | 2011, 2014, 2015 | |
| Microcephaly | 3 | 2015, 2016 | |
| Meningococcal disease | 2 | 2010, 2015 | |
| Plagues (bubonic, pneumonic) | 2 | 2010, 2015 | |
| Rubella | 2 | 2014, 2015 | Tomato [23] |
| Monkeypox | 1 | 2016 | |
| Marburg hemorrhagic fever | 1 | 2012 | |
| Typhoid fever | 1 | 2015 | |
| Hantavirus | 1 | 2012 | |
| Enterovirus D68 | 1 | 2014 | |
| Elizabethkingia | 1 | 2016 | |
| Oropouche virus | 1 | 2016 | |
| Avian influenza, H7N9 virus | 1 | 2013 to 2016 | |
| Avian influenza, H5N6 virus | 1 | 2014 to 2016 | |
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever | 1 | 2010 | |
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome | 1 | 2011 | |
| Diphtheria | 1 | 2015 | |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli | 1 | 2016 |