Table 2.

Exposure-disease associations within the general Western Australian population and the Raine Study subsets. Data presented as odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p-value

	Western Australia	Raine Pregnancy Cohort at birth	Raine 5-year Subset	Raine 20-year Subset	Raine Growth Subset	Raine NAFLD Subset
Vacuum extraction vs. neonatal jaundice	1.42	2.11	1.94	1.87	1.22	1.21
	(1.25, 1.62)	(1.38, 3.23)	(1.15, 3.28)	(0.93, 3.77)	(0.54, 2.71)	(0.56, 2.58)
	<0.001	<0.001	0.013	0.079	0.634	0.629
Low birth weight vs. spontaneous vaginal delivery	0.73	0.77	0.73	0.72	0.85	0.71
	(0.71, 0.75)	(0.65, 0.91)	(0.59, 0.90)	(0.55, 0.93)	(0.65, 1.11)	(0.54, 0.93)
	<0.001	0.002	0.003	0.014	0.234	0.014
Maternal age > 30y vs. elective caesarean section	1.87	1.89	2.07	2.89	1.92	2.51
	(1.79, 1.95)	(1.48, 2.41)	(1.54, 2.77)	(1.91, 4.37)	(1.33, 2.78)	(1.66, 3.79)
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Preterm birth vs. neonatal jaundice	4.30	4.58	7.48	8.98	9.84	7.88
	(3.90, 4.73)	(3.59, 5.84)	(5.33, 10.51)	(5.55, 14.53)	(5.99, 16.16)	(4.90, 12.70)
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Maternal smoking vs. low birth weight	NA	1.87	1.86	1.97	1.87	2.12
		(1.51, 2.31)	(1.42, 2.44)	(1.39, 2.79)	(1.34, 2.62)	(1.48, 3.05)
		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Pre-eclampsia vs. preterm birth	NA	1.89	1.64	2.04	1.76	1.81
		(1.30, 2.73)	(1.20, 2.24)	(1.35, 3.09)	(1.68, 2.66)	(1.18, 2.76)
		<0.001	0.002	<0.001	0.007	0.006