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. 2017 May 25;11(6):6252–6260. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02449

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Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.

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Partitioning of the energy level alignment for (a) 5A/Ag(001) and b) 5A/MgO(001)/Ag(001). The orbital energy levels (LUMO, HOMO) of isolated pentacene (5A_gas) are aligned to the vacuum levels (E_V) of Ag(001) and MgO(001)/Ag(001), and the contributions of polarization (pol.), push-back (p.-b.), charging (charge), and gap opening (gap, in b only) to the level alignment are added. The curves on the right side of each figure represent the measured spectra. Thick lines and bold numbers indicate experimentally determined energy levels and energy level shifts, whereas broken lines and normal numbers are derived level energies and shifts.