Table 1.
Characteristics of participants (N = 1251)
| Characteristics | Baseline (N = 1311) N (%) |
Followed Up (N = 1251) N (%) |
chi2 (p-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ Status | PHQ < 5 | 924 (70.5) | 892 (71.3) | 0.2098 (p = 0.647 |
| PHQ ≥ 5 | 387 (29.5) | 359 (28.7) | ||
| Marital Status | Married | 1293 (98.6) | 1235 (98.7) | |
| single, divorced or widowed | 18 (1.4) | 16 (1.3) | 0.0432 (p = 0.835) | |
| Residence | Urban | 103 (7.9) | 101 (8.1) | 0.0411 (p = 0.839) |
| Rural | 1208 (92.1) | 1150 (91.9) | ||
| Household Income* | High | 459 (35.0) | 438 (35.0) | |
| Medium | 423 (32.3) | 397 (31.7) | 0.1109 (p = 0.946) | |
| Low | 429 (32.7) | 416 (33.3) | ||
| Mother’s Education | Non-literate | 878 (67.0) | 844 67.5) | |
| Primary Schooling (Grade 1–8) | 380 (29.0) | 357 (28.5) | 0.0714 (p = 0.965) | |
| Grade 9 & more | 53 (4.0) | 50 (4.0) | ||
| Experience of Intimate Partner Violence | None | 573 (43.7) | 552 (44.1) | 0.0453 (p = 0.831) |
| One or more in life time | 738 (56.3) | 699(55.9) | ||
| Pregnancy Intention | Wanted | 734 (56.0) | 701 (56.0) | |
| Mistimed (wanted but not now) | 102 (7.8) | 93 (7.4) | 0.1168 (p = 0.943) | |
| Unwanted | 475 (36.2) | 457 (37.3) | ||
| Self-reported Pregnancy Complications | None | 655 (50.1) | 632 (50.5) | 0.0594 (p = 0.808) |
| One or more | 656 (49.9) | 619 (49.5) | ||
| Chronic Illness | None | 871 (66.4) | 824 (66.4) | 0.0001(0 = 0.994) |
| One or more | 440 (33.6) | 416 (34.6) | ||
| Previous institutional delivery | Yes | 160 (12.2) | 152 (12.2) | 0.0018 (p = 0.967) |
| No/primiparous | 1151 (87.8) | 1099 (87.8) | ||
| Delivery Care Utilisation | Home delivery | -- | 468 (37.4) | -- |
| Institutional delivery | -- | 783 (62.6) | -- | |
| Type of Delivery | Normal vaginal | -- | 1115 (89.1) | -- |
| Assisted or operative | -- | 136 (10.7) | -- | |
| One or more Postnatal care Visits: | No | -- | 568 (45.8) | -- |
| Yes | -- | 672 (54.2) | -- | |
| Reason for use of inst. delivery | Planned | -- | 612 (78.3) | -- |
| Unplanned | -- | 171 (21.7) | -- | |
Single Marital Status = unmarried, widowed, divorced
*Income was categorized into tertiles as low, medium and high
CS Caesarian Section