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. 2017 Jun 29;10:318. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2232-3

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — kdr mutations in insect voltage-gated sodium channels implicated in pyrethroid/DDT resistance. All information of kdr mutation sites came from Davies & Williamson [150], Zhu et al. [157] and Dang et al. [17, 54]. I, II, III and IV, four homologous repeat transmembrane domains. One asterisk indicates kdr mutations (or putative kdr mutations) identified from both the common bed bug C. lectularius (V419L, valine to leucine; L925I, leucine to isoleucine; putative I936F, isoleucine to phenylalanime) and the tropical bed bug C. hemipterus (putative M918I, methionine to isoleucine; putative L1014F, leucine to phenylalanime). Two asterisks: V410 found in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) and V419 found in C. lectularius are the same residue