| DOA | direction-of-arrival |
| DOAs | directions-of-arrival |
| TSDOAM | two-stage direction-of-arrival matrix |
| TSRARE | two-stage rank reduction |
| ERARE | extended rank reduction |
| ULAs | uniform linear arrays |
| ESPAR | electronically steerable parasitic antenna radiator |
| EVD | eigen-value decomposition |
| SVD | singular-value decomposition |
| MUSIC | multiple signal classification |
| SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
| ARMSE | average root mean square error |
| CRB | Cramér–Rao bound |