FIGURE 5.

Sitagliptin scavenges for ROS and attenuates Ca²⁺ oscillation. (A) Representative images of ROS-positive BMMs during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis treated with varying concentrations of sitagliptin (25, 50 μg/mL); scale bars: 50 μm. The ROS positive cell numbers (B) and green fluorescence intensity (C) in each well (96-well plate) were quantified. (D) Representative traces of three randomly selected BMMs in different groups. The fluorescence ratio change was recorded every 5 s for 180 s. (E) Western blot analysis of p-PLCγ2 protein expression in BMMs treated with sitagliptin at different time points. GAPDH was used as loading control. (F) The band intensities corresponding to p-PLCγ2 were quantified, normalized relative to that of GAPDH, and converted to the fold change of the control. Representative images of three repeated experiments are shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01 versus those of the RANKL-induced group.