Receiver operating characteristic curves of HE4 for differentiating patients with ovarian cancer from healthy control subjects. The area under the curve of S-HE4, U-HE4, and ratio of urinary-to-serum HE4 level are 0.955, 0.959 and 0.815, respectively. HE4, human epididymis protein 4; S-, serum; U-, urine; R-HE4, ratio of urinary-to-serum HE4 level.