Figure 1.

Heatmap representing the detection frequency of the immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines quantified in human milk (green: present; grey: absent). Each row represents the detection frequency for an individual specific immune factor as indicated on the y-axis, and each column represents an individual sample/subject. Hierarchical clustering of the 365 samples analyzed is shown in the upper dendrogram. Color-coded bar accompanying the dendrogram represents the level of development of the geographical locations analyzed, according to the human development index [United Nations Development Program; (28)]. LHD, countries with low human development index; MHD, countries with medium human development index; HHD, countries with high human development index; VHHD, countries with very-high human development index.