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. 2017 Feb 24;20(7):550–561. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx017

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 2. — Examination of depression-like behavior using forced swim test in control or socially defeated (SD) rats treated with/without grape powder (GP). Rats subjected to SD spent significantly increased amount of time immobile compared with control groups that was protected (A) and reversed (B) with GP treatment. NC, naïve control; GPNC, naïve control rats pretreated with GP; CE, control exposure; GPSD, socially defeated rats pretreated with GP; NCGP, GP-treated naïve control rats; SDPL, SD rats treated with placebo; SDGP, SD rats treated with GP. *Significantly different from NC, GPNC/NCGP, and CE; **significantly different from SD/SDPL, P < .05. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 10 to 12 rats/group.