Table 1.
Participants characteristics.
| Items | Older adults (n = 30) |
Young adults (n = 31) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (range) (years) | 67.77 (58–79) | 6.54 | 23.52 (22–25)∗∗∗ | 0.85 |
| Sex (male, %) | 13 (43%) | / | 16 (52%) | / |
| Education (years) | 12.83 | 2.72 | 16.74∗∗∗ | 0.44 |
| MoCA scores | 27.27 | 1.62 | 29.39∗∗∗ | 0.76 |
| AVLT scores (immediate) | 8.77 | 1.76 | 10.89∗∗∗ | 1.26 |
| AVLT scores (delayed) | 8.17 | 1.49 | 10.90∗∗∗ | 1.16 |
| LMT scores (immediate) | 10.05 | 2.29 | 12.32∗∗∗ | 1.48 |
| LMT scores (delayed) | 7.98 | 2.78 | 11.61∗∗∗ | 1.36 |
| Longest digit forward scores | 7.64 | 0.90 | 9.35∗∗∗ | 1.14 |
| Longest digit backward scores | 4.82 | 0.80 | 7.87∗∗∗ | 1.15 |
| Semantic fluency scores | 20.20 | 5.14 | 23.26∗ | 4.17 |
| IADL scores | 12.93 | 1.74 | / | / |
| GDS scores | 6.73 | 3.91 | / | / |
| CES-D scores | / | / | 8.97 | 6.2 |
MoCA, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; AVLT, the Auditory Verbal Learning Test; LMT, the Logical Memory Subtests; IADL, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. SD, standard deviation; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗∗p < 0.001.