Table 2.

Typical types of UAVs used for field-based crop phenotyping.

Specification	Description
	Multi-rotor	Helicopter	Fixed-wing	Blimps	Flying wing
Model	DJIS1000	AXH-E230	Bat-3	CB3000	Pathfinder-Plus
Manufacturer	DJI technology	AVIX	MLB Co.	Beijing CSCA Co.	AeroVironment
Materials	Carbon fiber, High strength performance engineered plastics	Carbon fiber, aluminum alloy	Carbon fiber, engineered plastics	Kevlar fibers, fiber optic, electrical cores	Carbon fiber, Nomex, Kevlar, plastic sheeting, plastic foam
Cost	Low	Medium	Medium	High	very high
Power/Motors	Eight electric, 0.5 kw max each	One BLDC motors	Two-stroke engine	One oil engine	Eight (8) solar-electric, 1.5 kW max each
Gross weight/kga	6	15	56	300	318
Payload capacity/kgb	7	15	9	10	67.5
Speed/m s−1	12	23	33	15	14
Endurance/hc	0.25	0.8	6	12	15
Altitude ceiling/m	500d	3,000	3,000	120	25,000

^aTotal weight with a battery;

^bThe payload including battery;

^cEndurance with maximum payload;

^dThe maximum flight height in China (the flight control system was restricted by the national regulations to set the flight height lower than 500 m).