Table 2.
Biomarker summary statistics and correlations in 18-month-old environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) study participants
| Biomarker | n | GM (95% CI) | Elevated, n (%)1 | Pearson Correlation
Coefficients2
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L:M | MPO | AAT | NEO | GLP-2 | Endo IgG | Endo IgM | Endo IgA | Total IgG | Total IgM | Total IgA | CRP | AGP | ||||
| L:M | 446 | 0.06 (0.05, 0.06) | 174 (39.0) | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| MPO (ng/mL) | 498 | 4460.3 (4145.0, 4799.5) | 420 (84.3) | 0.15 | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| AAT (μg/mL) | 501 | 326.9 (303.1, 352.5) | 278 (55.5) | 0.15 | 0.33 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| NEO (nmol/L) | 502 | 767.4 (716.5, 821.8) | 502 (100) | 0.11 | 0.01 | −0.12 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| GLP-2 (ng/mL) | 490 | 3.0 (2.9, 3.1) | 0.03 | −0.05 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Endo IgG (mu/mL) | 501 | 45.4 (41.7, 49.4) | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.04 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Endo IgM (mu/mL) | 505 | 72.6 (69.6, 75.8) | −0.10 | −0.03 | −0.06 | −0.00 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Endo IgA (mu/mL) | 463 | 9.7 (8.8, 10.8) | 0.00 | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Total IgG (g/L) | 502 | 16.6 (15.9, 17.4) | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 1.00 | |||||
| Total IgM (g/L) | 503 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | −0.08 | 0.03 | −0.05 | −0.00 | −0.07 | 0.07 | 0.49 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 1.00 | ||||
| Total IgA (g/L) | 503 | 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.10 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.39 | 1.00 | |||
| CRP (mg/L) | 505 | 1.20 (1.03, 1.38) | 103 (20.4) | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.02 | −0.11 | −0.05 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 1.00 | |
| AGP (mg/dL) | 505 | 104.8 (101.9, 107.7) | 281 (55.6) | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.10 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 1.00 |
Cutoffs for elevated biomarker values: L:M > 0.07 (1); MPO > 2000 ng/mL (2, 3); AAT > 270 μg/mL (2, 3); NEO > 70 nmol/L (2); CRP > 5 mg/L (4); AGP > 100 mg/dL (4).
Cell values are Pearson correlation coefficients between log-transformed biomarkers with outliers removed. Correlations of absolute value ≥ 0.121 are significant at the p≤0.01 level; correlations of absolute value 0.097 < r ≤ 0.116 are significant at the p≤0.05 level; correlations of absolute value 0.086 ≤ r ≤ 0.077 are significant at the p≤0.1 level.
Abbreviations: AGP, α-1 acid glycoprotein; AAT, α-1 antitrypsin; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; EED, environmental enteric dysfunction; Endo, endotoxin core antibody; GLP-2, glucagon-like peptide-2; GM, geometric mean; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; L:M, lactulose:mannitol ratio; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NEO, neopterin.