Table A2.
List of abbreviations.
| Abbreviation | Full Name | Categories | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ori | orientation | Target, Kinematics & Constraints, Measure, RMSE, Correlation | orientation of a rigid body |
| pos | position | Target, Calibration, Parameters, Validation, Measure, RMSE, Correlation, notes | position of a point of a rigid body |
| fle | flexion/extension | Target, Measure, RMSE, Correlation, Sensors, | anatomical term of motion |
| abd | abduction/adduction | Target, Measure, RMSE, Correlation, Sensors, | anatomical term of motion |
| rot | rotation | Target, Kinematics & Constraints, Measure, Sensor Fusion Technique, Calibration, RMSE, Correlation | rotation related either to rotation about an axis or rotation matrix |
| pro | pronation/supination | Target, Measure, RMSE, Correlation, notes | |
| ret | retraction/protraction | Target, Measure, RMSE | scapular retraction/protraction |
| ele | elevation/depression | Target, Measure, RMSE | scapular elevation/depression |
| mag | magnetometer | Focus, Sensors, Sensor Fusion Technique, Measure, notes | referred to either 3 axis (unless otherwise specified) magnetometer or its signal |
| comp | compensation | Focus | referred to compensation of magnetic field distortions |
| acc | accelerometer | Sensors | referred to either 3 axis (unless otherwise specified) accelerometer or its signal |
| gyro | gyroscope | Sensors, Sensor Fusion technique, notes | 3 axis (unless otherwise specified) gyroscope |
| xd | - | Sensors | x axes sensor (e.g., 2d acc means biaxial accelerometer) |
| mech | mechanical | Sensors, Validation, notes | mechanical is usually referred to either trackers or rigs for validation |
| biomech | biomechanical | notes | - |
| track | tracker | Sensors | - |
| US | ultrasound | Sensors, Validation | ultrasound sensor or motion tracking system based on ultrasound |
| exp | exponential | Kinematics & Constraints | exponential maps representation |
| seg | segment | Kinematics & Constraints | referred to free segments representation |
| CF | Complementary Filter | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique, notes | - |
| len | length | Parameters, Measures, RMSE, notes | length of human limbs or robotic links |
| KF | Kalman Filter | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| EKF | Extended Kalman Filter | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| UKF | Unscented Kalman Filter | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| PF | Particle Filter | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| PGM | probabilistic grpahical models | Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| opt/OPT | optimization | Parameters, Sensor Fusion Technique, notes | - |
| params | parameters | Parameters | - |
| sens | sensor(s) | Parameters, Validation, notes | Typically referred to position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the link it is attached to. Otherwise referred to simulated measurements of a virtual sensor |
| U | unscented | Parameters | - |
| INS | inertial navigation system | Sensor Fusion Technique | navigation system based on signals from accelerometers and gyroscopes aimed at estimating position, velocity and orientation of a rigid body. It is typically referred to navigation of aerial vehicles |
| GN | Gauss-Newton | referred to Gauss-Newton optimization | |
| QUEST | Quaternion estimator algorithm | Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| err | error | Sensor Fusion Technique, Measure, RMSE | typically error is quantitatively defined as difference of a variable with respect to a reference |
| int | integration | Sensor Fusion Technique | referred to integration of gyroscope’s or accelerometer’s signal |
| FQA | Factorized Quaternion Algorithm | Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| lin acc | linear acceleration | Sensor Fusion Technique, notes | acceleration of a point in space |
| sto | stochastic | Sensor Fusion Technique | - |
| NR | Newton-Raphson | Sensor Fusion Technique | referred to Newton-Raphson algorithm used for optimization |
| MAG | - | Sensors, | Motion tracking system based on magnetic field measurement |
| VMF dist | Von Mises-Fisher distribution | Sensor Fusion Technique, notes | - |
| calib | calibration | Calibration, notes | - |
| traj | trajectory | Calibration, Measure, RMSE, notes | trajectory of a point in space |
| EMG | electromyography | Sensors | array of surface electromyography sensors |
| quat | quaternion | Kinematics & Constraints, Measure, RMSE, | - |
| coord sys | coordinate system | Kinematics & Constraints | - |
| EE | end effector | Validation | end effector of a robot |
| hor | horizontal | Validation | - |
| ver | vertical | Validation | - |
| OMC | optical motion capture | Validation, RMSE | OMC is referred to tracking of points in space by means of optical motion capture. Tracking of these points is often used to compute orientation of rigid bodies |
| sim | simulated | Validation | referred to simulated measurements of virtual sensors |
| GNSS | global satellite navigation system | Validation | provider of ground truth data in outdoor motion capture sessions |
| meas | measurement | Validation, notes | - |
| compar | comparison | Measure | - |
| incli | inclination | Measure, RMSE | deviation with respect to a given direction |
| sta | static | Measure, RMSE | - |
| dyn | dynamic | Measure, RMSE | - |
| RULA | rapid upper limb assessment | Measure | method of ergonomic assessment based on articular motion and forces exerted during an activity |
| freq | frequency | Measure | number of occurrence of a risk class in RULA evaluation |
| twi | twist | Measure, RMSE | referred to wrist motion |
| valid | validation | notes | referred to validation trials carried out for the validation of the method, typically preceded by their duration |
| negl | neglected | notes | referred to a variable that is neglected in a method, typically linear acceleration |
| align | aligned | notes | used in the formula sens align link to indicate the assumption that a sensor’s frame is supposed to be aligned to the frame of the body it is attached to |
| teleop | teleoperation | notes | - |
| ROM | range of motion | notes | - |
| est | estimation | notes | - |
| alg | algorithm | notes | - |
| const | constant | notes | - |
| ZARU | zero angular rate update | notes | technique to reduce drift based on detection of steady orientation |
| HDR | heuristic heading reduction | notes | technique that exploits straight paths to improve localization estimate |
| reloc | relocation | notes | referred to relocation of sensors |
| ang | angle or angular | Correlation, notes | - |
| insp | inspection | notes | referred to visual inspection |
| DH | Denavit-Hartenberg | notes | standard to define kinematic chains |
| synch | synchronization | notes | - |
| ISB | International Society of Biomechanics | notes | used to refer to the standard proposed by ISB to define frames attached to human limbs to define their pose and motion |
| UWB | ultra wide band | Sensors | - |