TABLE 2.

Communication Ratings Pre and Post CHATO Training (n=7)

	Pre	Post	t (df)	p	Cohen’s d
	M ± SD	M ± SD
Communication effectiveness	2.3 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.4	3.2 (6)	.02	1.22
Communication appropriateness	2.6 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.5	4.4 (6)	.005	1.65
Recognizes elderspeak	0.8 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	−0.6 (6)	.60	0.22
Recognizes person-centered communication	0.3 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.2	2.0 (6)	.09	0.76

Note: Ratings of communication range from 1=ineffective/inappropriate to 5=effective/appropriate (lower scores indicate better recognition of ineffective/inappropriate communication); recognition indicates number of features of elderspeak (ranging 0–6, higher score is better) or person-centered communication (ranging 0–4, lower score is better) identified in the video clip; p is p-value for paired samples 2-tailed t-test.