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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Phys Ther. 2017 Jul;41(3):187–197. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000187

Table 1.

Recommend readings and resources related to the design and analysis of single-case studies.

General Readings on Single-Case Research Design and Analysis

  • Barlow, D.H., Nock, M.K., Hersen, M. Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change. 3rd ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 2008.3

  • Kazdin, A.E. Single-case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2010.4

  • Kratochwill, T.R., Levin, J.R. Single-case Research Design and Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1992.13

  • Kratochwill, T.R., Levin, J.R. eds. Single-case Intervention Research: Methodological and Statistical Advances. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association; 2014.2

  • Portney, L. G., Watkins, M. P. Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company; 2015.12

Design
Reversal Design

  • Feeney, T.J., Ylvisaker, M. Context-sensitive cognitive-behavioral supports for young children with TBI. J Posit Behav Interv. 2008;10(2):115–128.59

  • Lin, C.Y., Chang, Y.M. Increase in physical activities in kindergarten children with cerebral palsy by employing MaKey-MaKey-based task systems. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35:1963–1969.60

  • Samuel, C., Louis-Dreyfus, A., Kaschel, R., et al. Rehabilitation of very severe unilateral neglect by visuo-spatio-motor cueing: Two single case studies. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2000;10(4):385–399.17
Multiple Baseline Design

  • Hinderer, S.R., Lehmann, J.F., Price, R., White, O., deLateur, B.J., Deitz, J. Spasticity in spinal cord injured persons: Quantitative effects of baclofen and placebo treatments. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 1990;69(6):311–317.20

  • Lane-Brown, A., Tate, R. Evaluation of an intervention for apathy after traumatic brain injury: A multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design. J Head Trauma Rehab. 2010;25(6):459–469.61
Alternating Treatment Design

  • Folino, A., Ducharme, J.M., Greenwald, N. Temporal effects of antecedent exercise on students’ disruptive behaviors: An exploratory study. J School Psychol. 2014;52(5):447–462.23

  • Mechling, L.C., Atres, K.M., Foster, A.L., Bryant, K.J. Comparing the effects of commercially available and custom-made video prompting for teaching cooking skills to high school students with autism. Rem Spec Ed. 2013; 34(6):371–383.22
Randomization

  • Kratochwill, T.R., Levin, J.R. Enhancing the scientific credibility of single-case intervention research: Randomization to the rescue. Psychol Methods. 2010;15(2):124–144.11
Analysis
Visual Analysis

  • Lieberman, L.J., Dunn, J.M., van der Mars, H., McCubbin, J. Peer tutors’ effects on activity levels of deaf students in inclusive elementary physical education. Adapt Phys Act Q. 2000;17(1):20–39.62

  • Lundblom, E.E.G, Woods, J.J. Working in the classroom: Improving idiom comprehension through classwide peer tutoring. Commun Dis Q. 2012;33(4):202–219.63
Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data (PND)

  • Banda, D.R., Hart, S.L., Liu-Gitz, L. Impact of training peers and children with autism on social skills during center time activities in inclusive classrooms. Res Autism Spect Dis. 2010;4(4):619–625.64

  • Oddo, M., Barnett, D.W., Hawkins, R.O., Musti-Roa, S. Reciprocal peer tutoring and repeated reading: Increasing practicality using student groups. Psychol Schools. 2010; 47(8):842–858.65
Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP)

  • Parker, R.I., Vannest, K. An improved effect size for single-case research: Nonoverlap of all pairs. Behav Ther. 2009;40:357–367.36

  • Peterson-Brown, S., Karich, A.C., Symons, F.J. Examining estimates of effect using non-overlap of all pairs in multiple baseline studies of academic intervention. J Behav Educ. 2012;21(3):203–216.66
Improvement Rate Difference (IRD)

  • Chen, M., Hyppa-Martin, J.K., Reichle, J.E., Symons, F.J. Comparing single case design overlap-based effect size metrics from studies examining speech generating device interventions. Am J Intell and Dev Disabil. 2016;121(3):169–193. 67

  • Derakhshandeh, F., Nikmaram, M., Hosseinabad, H.H., et al. Speech characteristics after articulation therapy in children with cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction: A single case experimental design. Am J Ped Otolaryngology. 2016;86:104–113.68
Tau-U/Piecewise Regression

  • Klingbeil, D., Moeyaert, M., Archerm, C., Chimnoza, T.M., Zwolski, S.A. Examining the efficacy of peer-mediated incremental rehearsal. School Psychol Rev. In press.69

  • Saddler, K., Saddler, B., Moeyaert, M., Ellis-Robinson, T. Effects of a summarizing strategy on written summaries of children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Rem Spec Educ. 2016 In press. 0.1177/0741932516669051 (2.016).70
HLM

  • Ingersoll, B., Wainer, A. Initial efficacy of project ImPACT: A parent-mediated social communication intervention for young children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013; 43(12): 2943–2952.71

  • Wade, C.A., Ortiz, C., Gorman, B.S. Two-session group parent training for bedtime noncompliance in head start preschoolers. Child Fam Behav Ther. 2007;29(3):23–55.72