Fig 2. Both increased body size (in terms of greater BMI or larger waist circumference) are associated with higher serum CK levels, with more prominent rise with greater BMI in males rather than in females (panel A & B, p <0.05 for gender interaction).

Higher FM levels and worsening renal function (in the context of lower eGFR) are also associated with increasing CK levels, with males exhibiting a steeper rise with higher FM compared with females (panel C, p <0.05for sex interaction). Instead, worsening eGFR does not show gender differences (panel D).