Table 3.
SHSe status in PED patients with bronchiolitis based on illness severity/resource utilization.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 1,179)d n (%) |
Negative SHSe (n = 872) n (%) |
Positive SHSe (n = 307) n (%) |
Multivariable analysise
|
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | |||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 714 (60.6) | 534 (74.8) | 180 (25.2) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Female | 465 (39.4) | 338 (72.7) | 127 (27.3) | 1.12 | (0.86, 1.45) | .42 |
| Age in days, M ± SD | 252.89 ± 179.65 | 250.30 ± 5.97 | 260.24 ± 10.78 | — | — | .41 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 488 (41.4) | 317 (65.0) | 171 (35.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Black | 568 (48.2) | 458 (80.6) | 110 (19.4) | 0.45 | (0.34, 0.59) | <.001 |
| Other | 123 (10.4) | 97 (78.9) | 26 (21.1) | 0.50 | (0.31, 0.80) | .004 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 1,101 (94.7) | 804 (73.0) | 297 (27.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Hispanic | 62 (5.3) | 53 (85.5) | 9 (14.5) | 0.46 | (0.22, 0.94) | .03 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Commercial | 209 (18.0) | 189 (90.4) | 20 (9.6) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 955 (82.0) | 673 (70.5) | 282 (295) | 3.96 | (2.45, 6.41) | < .001 |
| Season | ||||||
| Fall | 351 (29.8) | 267 (76.1) | 84 (23.9) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Winter | 515 (43.7) | 367 (71.3) | 148 (28.7) | 1.28 | (0.94, 1.75) | .12 |
| Spring | 219 (18.6) | 164 (74.9) | 55 (25.1) | 1.07 | (0.72, 1.58) | .75 |
| Summer | 94 (8.0) | 74 (78.7) | 20 (21.3) | 0.86 | (0.50, 1.49) | .59 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| No | 1,104 (93.6) | 820 (74.3) | 284 (25.7) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesa | 75 (6.4) | 52 (69.3) | 23 (30.7) | 1.28 | (0.77, 2.13) | .35 |
| Severity/resource variables | ||||||
| Triage category, M ± SD | 2.90 ± 0.78 | 2.93 ± 0.79 | 2.83 ± 0.76 | — | — | .09 |
| Oxygen saturation, M ± SD | 97.41 ± 2.25 | 97.49 ± 2.26 | 97.21 ± 2.23 | — | — | .13 |
| Respiratory assistance | ||||||
| No | 1,170 (99.2) | 865 (73.9) | 305 (26.1) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesb | 8 (0.7) | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.98 | (0.19, 5.11) | .98 |
| BBG suctioning | ||||||
| No | 337 (28.6) | 245 (72.7) | 92 (27.3) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes | 842 (71.4) | 627 (74.5) | 215 (25.5) | 0.91 | (0.67, 1.24) | .55 |
| Supplemental oxygen | ||||||
| No | 1,027 (87.1) | 771 (75.1) | 265 (24.9) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesc | 152 (12.9) | 101 (66.4) | 51 (33.6) | 1.40 | (0.93, 2.11) | .11 |
| Disposition | ||||||
| Discharge to home | 705 (59.8) | 542 (77.0) | 162 (23.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Admit | 473 (40.2) | 328 (69.3) | 145 (30.7) | 1.46 | (1.09, 1.95) | .01 |
| Flu test obtained | ||||||
| No | 1,163 (98.6) | 859 (73.9) | 304 (26.1) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, negative test result | 16 (1.4) | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.8) | 0.62 | (0.16, 2.42) | .49 |
| Yes, positive test result | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — |
| RSV Test obtained | ||||||
| No | 1167 (99.0) | 861 (73.8) | 306 (26.2) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, negative test result | 3(0.3) | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | — |
| Yes, positive test result | 9 (0.8) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0.43 | (0.48, 3.87) | .45 |
| Chest X-ray obtained | ||||||
| No | 828 (70.2) | 626 (75.6) | 202 (24.4) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes | 351 (29.8) | 246 (70.1) | 105 (29.9) | 1.36 | (1.00, 1.85) | .05 |
| Antibiotics administered | ||||||
| No | 1,110 (94.1) | 823 (74.1) | 287 (25.9) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, Oral, IM, or IV Route | 69 (5.9) | 49 (71.0) | 20 (29.0) | 1.19 | (0.66, 2.14) | .57 |
| Albuterol administered | ||||||
| No | 722 (61.2) | 534 (74.0) | 188 (26.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes | 457 (38.8) | 338 (74.0) | 119 (26.0) | 1.16 | (0.86, 1.58) | .34 |
| Albuterol, no. of treatments, M ± SD | 1.42 ± 1.00 | 1.42 ± 0.99 | 1.44 ± 1.05 | — | — | .18 |
| Epinephrine administered | ||||||
| No | 1,142 (96.9) | 851 (74.5) | 291 (25.5) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, Racemic Route | 37 (3.1) | 21 (56.8) | 16 (43.2) | 2.48 | (1.21, 5.08) | .01 |
| Steroids administered | ||||||
| No | 1,175 (99.7) | 869 (74.0) | 306 (26.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, Oral or IV Route | 4(0.3) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 1.25 | (0.08, 18.74) | .87 |
Ref, referent; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SHSe, secondhand smoke exposure; PED, pediatric emergency department.
a
Previous medical history of asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or prematurity.
b
CPAP, BiPAP, High Flow Nasal Cannula.
c
Blowby, handheld nebulizer, nasal cannula, other supplemental oxygen source.
d
Includes only patients with bronchiolitis who had SHSe documentation.
e
Adjusted for sex, age, race, ethnicity, insurance type, season, and medical history.
The following variable was not included in this table as there were too few cases: intubation (n =0).