Table 4.
SHSe status in PED patients with pneumonia based on illness severity/resource utilization.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 732)d n (%) |
Negative SHSe (n = 532) n (%) |
Positive SHSe (n = 200) n (%) |
Multivariable analysise
|
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | |||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 383 (52.3) | 287 (74.9) | 96 (25.1) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Female | 349 (47.7) | 245 (70.2) | 104 (29.8) | 1.27 | (0.92, 1.76) | .15 |
| Age in years, M ± SD | 4.14 ± 4.06 | 4.02 ± 0.18 | 4.45 ± 0.28 | — | — | .21 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 372 (50.8) | 270 (72.6) | 102 (27.4) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Black | 299 (40.8) | 213 (71.2) | 86 (28.8) | 1.07 | (0.76, 1.50) | .70 |
| Other | 61 (8.3) | 49 (80.3) | 12 (19.7) | 0.65 | (0.66,1.27) | .21 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 686 (94.0) | 491 (71.6) | 195 (28.4) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Hispanic | 44 (6.0) | 39 (88.6) | 5 (11.4) | 0.32 | (0.13, 0.83) | .02 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Commercial | 224 (31.2) | 189 (84.4) | 35 (15.6) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 495 (68.8) | 333 (67.3) | 162 (32.7) | 2.63 | (1.75, 3.95) | <.001 |
| Season | ||||||
| Fall | 247 (33.7) | 174 (70.4) | 73 (29.6) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Winter | 197 (26.9) | 142 (72.1) | 55 (27.9) | 0.92 | (0.61, 1.40) | .71 |
| Spring | 170 (23.2) | 129 (75.9) | 41 (24.1) | 0.76 | (0.49, 1.18) | .22 |
| Summer | 118 (16.1) | 87 (73.7) | 31 (26.3) | 0.85 | (0.52, 1.39) | .52 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| No | 498 (68.0) | 379 (76.1) | 119 (23.9) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesa | 234 (32.0) | 153 (65.4) | 81 (34.6) | 1.69 | (1.20, 2.37) | .003 |
| Severity/resource variables | ||||||
| Triage category, M ± SD | 2.90 ± 0.85 | 2.87 ± 0.86 | 2.98 ± 0.83 | — | — | .12 |
| Oxygen saturation, M ± SD | 96.78 ± 2.66 | 96.78 ± 2.56 | 96.79 ± 2.89 | — | — | .70 |
| Respiratory assistance | ||||||
| No | 712 (97.3) | 515 (72.3) | 197 (27.7) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesb | 20 (2.7) | 17 (85.0) | 3(15.0) | 0.43 | (0.12, 1.58) | .20 |
| BBG suctioning | ||||||
| No | 611 (83.5) | 440 (72.0) | 171 (28.0) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes | 121 (16.5) | 92 (76.0) | 29 (24.0) | 0.82 | (0.49, 1.36) | .44 |
| Supplemental oxygen | ||||||
| No | 618 (84.4) | 443 (71.7) | 175 (28.3) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yesc | 114 (15.6) | 89 (78.1) | 25 (21.9) | 0.68 | (0.41, 1.14) | .14 |
| Disposition | ||||||
| Discharge to home | 386 (52.9) | 279(72.3) | 107 (27.7) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Admit | 344 (47.1) | 252 (73.3) | 92 (26.7) | 1.00 | (0.71, 1.42) | .99 |
| Flu test obtained | ||||||
| No | 695 (94.9) | 502 (72.2) | 193 (27.8) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, negative test result | 33 (4.5) | 27 (81.8) | 6 (18.2) | 0.45 | (0.60, 6.41) | .13 |
| Yes, positive test result | 4 (0.5) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0.62 | (0.06, 6.41) | .69 |
| Chest X-ray obtained | ||||||
| No | 87 (11.9) | 66 (75.9) | 21 (24.1) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes | 645 (88.1) | 466 (72.2) | 179 (27.8) | 1.10 | (0.64, 1.90) | .73 |
| Antibiotics administered | ||||||
| No | 426 (58.2) | 302 (70.9) | 124 (29.1) | (Ref) | (Ref) | |
| Yes, Oral, IM, or IV Route | 306 (41.8) | 230 (75.2) | 76 (24.8) | 0.80 | (0.57, 1.14) | .22 |
Ref, referent; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; SHSe, secondhand smoke exposure; PED, pediatric emergency department.
Previous medical history of asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or prematurity.
CPAP, BiPAP, High Flow Nasal Cannula.
Blowby, handheld nebulizer, nasal cannula, non-rebreather mask, simple mask, trach collar, other supplemental oxygen source.
Includes only patients with pneumonia who had SHSe documentation.
Adjusted for sex, age, race, ethnicity, insurance type, season, and medical history.
The following variable was not included in this table as there were too few cases: RSV test (n =7) and intubation (n =0).