Table 1.
Characteristics of low-income residents: Hartford and East Hartford, CT; 2008–2010.
| On Street/In Shelter | Family, friend or sex partner | Own apartment with no subsidy | Supportive housing or rent subsidy | Chi-Sq. | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Variable | n=81 | n=112 | n=48 | n=133 | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 45.0 (11.0) | 44.0 (11.0) | 45.5 (13.8) | 47.0 (15.0) | 9.7 3 | 0.01 |
| Gender | 16.2 | 0.005 | ||||
| Male, n(%) | 68 (84) | 67 (60)1 | 28 (58) | 80 (60) | ||
| Female, n(%) | 13 (16) | 44 (39)1 | 20 (42) | 53 (40) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 28.72 | <0.001 | ||||
| Black, n(%) | 24 (30) | 42 (38) | 15 (31) | 51 (38) | ||
| White (non-Hispanic), n(%) | 30 (37) | 15 (13) | 5 (10) | 17 (13) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino, n(%) | 25 (30) | 54 (48) | 28 (58) | 63 (47) | ||
| Other, n(%) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | ||
| Education completed | 16.2 | 0.013 | ||||
| Less than high school, n(%) | 31 (38) | 52 (46) | 28 (58) | 54 (41) | ||
| High school or GED, n(%) | 43 (53) | 46 (41) | 12 (25) | 50 (38) | ||
| Vocational, Tech, or some college, n(%) | 7 (9) | 14 (13) | 8 (17) | 29 (22) | ||
| Total income per month ($), median [IQR] | 298 (319) | 368 (488) | 817 (448) | 669 (617) | 71.8 3 | <0.001 |
| Less than $200, n(%) | 21 (26) | 22 (20) | 2 (4) | 14 (10) | ||
| $200–$399, n(%) | 33 (41) | 37 (33) | 3 (6) | 36 (27) | ||
| $400–$599, n(%) | 11 (14) | 15 (13) | 4 (8) | 11 (8) | ||
| $600–$799, n(%) | 6 (7) | 20 (18) | 13 (27) | 22 (16) | ||
| $800–$999, n(%) | 4 (5) | 8 (7) | 12 (25) | 34 (26) | ||
| $1000 or over, n(%) | 6 (7) | 10 (9) | 14 (29) | 16 (12) | ||
| Longest prison sentence (months) 4, median (IQR) | 6.0 (34.5) | 6.0 (36.0) | 5.0 (240) | 7.0 (36.0) | 1.1 3 | 0.79 |
| Longest homeless period (months) 4, median (IQR) | 12.0 (20.5) | 6.0 (11.0) | 3.0 (12.0) | 12.0 (22.0) | 17.5 3 | 0.001 |
| Health characteristics | ||||||
| Mental illness diagnosis | 14.7 | .002 | ||||
| Yes, n(%) | 40 (49) | 44 (39) | 20 (42) | 83 (62) | ||
| No, n(%) | 41 (51) | 68 (61) | 28 (58) | 50 (38) | ||
| HIV/AIDS diagnosis | 39.1 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes, n(%) | 5 (6) | 18 (16) | 17 (35) | 53 (40) | ||
| No, n(%) | 76 (94) | 94 (84) | 31 (65) | 79 (60) | ||
| Sexual risk behavior | ||||||
| Number of different sex partners in the past 30 days, mean (range) | .7 (0 – 8) | 1.5 (0 – 45) | .7 (0 – 3) | .6 (0 – 5) | 10.4 3 | .015 |
| Had any sex without a condom in the last 30 days | 2.3 | .50 | ||||
| Yes, n(%) | 22 (27) | 39 (35) | 16 (33) | 36 (27) | ||
| No, n(%) | 59 (73) | 73 (65) | 32 (67) | 97 (73) | ||
| Substance use | ||||||
| Smoked crack, or sniffed/injected coke, or sniffed/injected heroin in the past 30 days | 20.5 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes, n(%) | 58 (72) | 72 (64) | 26 (54) | 57 (43) | ||
| No, n(%) | 23 (28) | 40 (36) | 22 (46) | 76 (57) | ||
| Drank alcohol in the past 30 days | 11.1 | .011 | ||||
| Yes, n(%) | 45 (56) | 57 (55) | 22 (46) | 47 (36) | ||
| No, n(%) | 36 (44) | 47 (45) | 26 (54) | 83 (64) | ||
Excludes 18 individuals currently in a half-way house or in a YMCA/hotel.
1
One transgendered respondent.
2
Excludes the race = “Other” category.
3
Kruskal-Wallis Chi-square test statistic
4
Longest prison sentences and longest homeless periods greater than 36 months are truncated at 36.