Table 3.
Trait values used to measure functional diversity parameters for avian cavity-nesting species from temperate forests of (a) Canada and (b) Chile*.
| English name | Scientific name | Nesting guilda | Foraging guildb | Foraging substratec | Clutch size (mean # eggs/clutch) | Body mass (mean g) | Nest-tree size (mean diameter at breast height DBH, cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. CANADA | |||||||
| American kestrel | Falco sparverius sparverius | SCN | I | A | 4.3 | 117 | 42.3 |
| American three-toed woodpecker | Picoides dorsalis | SCE | I | B | 3.6 | 65 | 24.0 |
| Barrow’s goldeneye | Bucephala islandica | SCN | M | W | 8.0 | 950 | 47.5 |
| Black-backed woodpecker | Picoides arcticus | SCE | I | B | 3.5 | 70 | 29.7 |
| Black-capped chickadee | Poecile atricapillus | WCE | I | F | 6.4 | 11 | 20.0 |
| Boreal chickadee | Poecile hudsonicus | WCE | I | F | 6.1 | 10 | 18.4 |
| Brown creeper | Certhia americana | SCN | I | B | 4.9 | 8 | 33.8 |
| Bufflehead | Bucephala albeola | SCN | I | W | 8.0 | 473 | 36.0 |
| Downy woodpecker | Picoides pubescens | SCE | I | B | 5.6 | 27 | 24.8 |
| European Starling | Sturnus vulgaris | SCN | O | G | 4.7 | 78 | 35.5 |
| Hairy woodpecker | Picoides villosus | SCE | I | B | 3.9 | 66 | 30.3 |
| House wren | Troglodytes aedon | SCN | I | G | 5.9 | 11 | 27.6 |
| Mountain bluebird | Sialia currucoides | SCN | I | A | 5.1 | 28 | 32.8 |
| Mountain chickadee | Poecile gambeli | WCE | I | F | 6.4 | 11 | 25.6 |
| Northern flicker | Colaptes auratus | SCE | I | G | 7.5 | 135 | 36.0 |
| Pileated woodpecker | Dryocopus pileatus | SCE | I | B | 4.3 | 290 | 44.7 |
| Pacific-slope flycatcher | Empidonax difficilis | SCN | I | A | 3.6 | 11 | 54.9 |
| Red-breasted nuthatch | Sitta canadensis | WCE | I | B | 6.0 | 10 | 25.5 |
| Red-naped sapsucker | Sphyrapicus nuchalis | SCE | S | B | 4.8 | 50 | 31.2 |
| Tree swallow | Tachycineta bicolor | SCN | I | A | 5.0 | 20 | 30.4 |
| Violet-green swallow | Tachycineta thalassina | SCN | I | A | 4.4 | 14 | 75.1 |
| b. CHILE | |||||||
| American kestrel | Falco sparverius cinnamonimus | SCN | O | G | 4.0 | 122.5 | 147.0 |
| Austral parakeet | Enicognathus ferrugineus | SCN | F | F | 6.5 | 200 | 61.7 |
| Austral thrush | Turdus falcklandii | SCN | F | G | 3.0 | 78.75 | 42.4 |
| Bar-winged cinclodes | Cinclodes fuscus | SCN | I | G | 2.5 | 29.5 | 63.6 |
| Black-throated huet-huet | Pteroptochos tarnii | SCN | I | G | 2 | 144.33 | 104.4 |
| Chilean flicker | Colaptes pitius | SCE | I | B | 4 | 125 | 181.1 |
| Chilean swallow | Tachycineta meyeni | SCN | I | A | 4 | 16 | 71.9 |
| Chucao tapaculo | Scelorchilus rubecula | SCN | I | G | 2 | 40.35 | 72.0 |
| House wren | Troglodytes aedon | SCN | I | F | 5 | 10.37 | 41.9 |
| Magellanic tapaculo | Scytalopus magellanicus | SCN | I | G | 2 | 11.67 | 62.0 |
| Magellanic woodpecker | Campephilus magellanicus | SCE | I | B | 1.5 | 260 | 103.4 |
| Plain-mantled tit-spinetail | Leptasthenura aegithaloides | SCN | I | B | 3 | 9.1 | 54.1 |
| Slender-billed parakeet | Enicognathus leptorhynchus | SCN | F | F | 4.5 | 250 | 140.3 |
| Striped woodpecker | Veniliornis lignarius | SCE | I | B | 3.5 | 39.97 | 45.6 |
| Thorn-tailed rayadito | Aphrastura spinicauda | SCN | I | B | 5 | 11.74 | 58.5 |
| White-throated treerunner | Pygarrhichas albogularis | WCE | I | B | 3 | 25.6 | 35.9 |
*Species trait values and categories were obtained from21, 22, 40, 42, and also from J. T. Ibarra and T. A. Altamirano, unpublished data; K. Martin, unpublished data. aSCE = strong cavity excavator, WCE = weak cavity excavator, SCN = secondary cavity-nester. bI = insectivore, F = frugivore, M = molluscivore, O = omnivore, S = sap feeder. cA = air, B = bark, W = water, F = foliage, G = ground.