Table 3.

Surgical outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the side-to-side anastomosis vs. the hand-sewn anastomosis groups

	Group SA (n = 57)	Group HA (n = 80)	P value
Operative time (min)	508 (330–818)	557 (327–832)	0.028*
Blood loss (ml)	820 (5–11937)	853 (150–2880)	0.24
Amount of NG tube drainage
POD1 (ml)	50 (0–1050)	165 (0–1290)	0.0001*
POD3 (ml)	100 (0–790)	200 (0–1730)	0.39
Duration of NG tube placement (days)	1 (1–45)	3 (1–27)	<0.0001*
Re-insertion of NG tube	4 (7.0%)	13 (16.3%)	0.096
Days until initiation of liquid diet (days)	5 (3–49)	7 (3–34)	<0.0001*
Incidence of DGE
Overall incidence	12 (21.1%)	37 (46.3%)	0.003*
Primary DGE	5 (8.8%)	23 (28.8%)	0.002*
Secondary DGE	7 (12.3%)	14 (17.5%)	0.4
Grade of DGE
Grade A	8 (14.0%)	14 (17.5%)	0.58
Grade B	2 (3.5%)	15 (18.8%)	0.008*
Grade C	2 (3.5%)	8 (10.0%)	0.194
Ingestion of solid food on POD14	39 (68.4%)	39 (48.8%)	0.021*
POPF (grade B or C)	8 (14.0%)	10 (12.5%)	0.79
Biliary fistula	1 (1.8%)	3 (3.8%)	0.64
Intra-abdominal abscess	3 (5.3%)	1 (1.3%)	0.31
Intra-abdominal fluid collection	4 (7.0%)	0 (0%)	0.028*
Ileus	2 (3.5%)	2 (2.5%)	1
Gastrointestinal bleeding	3 (5.3%)	1 (1.3%)	0.31
Intra-abdominal bleeding	2 (3.5%)	1 (1.3%)	0.57
Overall incidence of complications (C–D II or more)	34 (59.7%)	42 (52.5%)	0.41
Length of hospital stay (days)	33.0 (16–79)	39.5 (20–103)	0.0072*

* stastically significant p values (p < 0.05)

SSPPD subtotal stomach preserved pancreatoduodenectomy, NG nasogastric tube, POD postoperative day, Re-gastric drainage reinsertion of nasogastric tube, DGE delayed gastric emptying, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula graded according to the definition proposed by an international study group on pancreatic fistula (ISGPF), Intra-abdominal complications; postoperative abdominal complications except for DGE, C-D Clavien and Dindo grading, SA stapled side-to-side anastomosis, HA conventional hand-sewn end-to-side anastomosis