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. 2017 Jun 29;8:15968. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15968

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Three-electrode (photo) current density versus applied voltage (j–V) curves of n-Si/SiO_x,RCA/Al₂O₃/Pt/Ni photoanode during ageing in 1 M KOH under simulated AM1.5 illumination. A total of three illuminated voltammetry scans are shown: one for initial fresh sample (blue line), one after 3 h (green line) and one after 18 h (black line) of ageing in the electrolyte. The dark voltammetry scan of the n-Si/SiO_x,RCA/Al₂O₃/Pt/Ni is shown as the dotted purple line. For comparison, the j–V behaviour of the non-photoactive p⁺-Si/SiO_x,RCA/Pt/Ni is shown (red line). The black vertical dashed line indicates the potential for water oxidation, E⁰′ (O₂/OH⁻). (b) The magnification of Fig. 2a, showing the shift of the redox peaks of Ni over the course of 18 h.