Table 1.
Prevalence (%), mean intensity (epg) and risk factors associated with S. mansoni infection
| Category | No. examined (N = 495) N (%) | Prevalence (%) (95% CI) | Mean intensity (epg) (95% CI) | Multivariable logistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | p value | ||||
| Overall | 495 (100) | 33.5 (29.6–38.0) | 131 (89–194) | – | |
| Village | |||||
| Kiratina | 130 (26.3) | 26.2 (19.6–35.0) | 31 (20–48) | Reference | |
| Mbui Njeru | 136 (27.5) | 13.2 (8.6–20.4) | 15 (8–25) | 0.54 (0.27–1.12) | 0.097 |
| Mianya A | 118 (23.8) | 45.8 (37.6–55.7) | 164 (110–244) | 2.09 (1.15–3.77) | 0.015 |
| Mianya B | 111 (22.4) | 54.1 (45.5–64.2) | 357 (197–646) | 4.38 (2.02–9.48) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 146 (29.5) | 28.1 (21.6–36.4) | 65 (39–106) | Reference | |
| Female | 349 (70.5) | 35.8 (31.1–41.2) | 159 (102–249) | 1.48 (0.92–2.37) | 0.109 |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–29 | 123 (24.9) | 38.2 (30.5–47.9) | 123 (79–192) | – | |
| 30–41 | 198 (40.0) | 30.3 (24.5–37.5) | 65 (44–98) | – | |
| 42–53 | 110 (22.2) | 30.0 (22.5–40.0) | 87 (48–159) | – | |
| 54–65 | 52 (10.5) | 42.3 (30.7–58.3) | 511 (217–1201) | – | |
| >65 | 12 (2.4) | 33.3 (14.5–76.9) | 62 (21–183) | – | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 368 (74.3) | 34.0 (29.5–39.2) | 139 (88–218) | Reference | |
| Unmarried | 127 (25.7) | 32.3 (25.1–41.6) | 110 (53–230) | 0.83 (0.51–1.35) | 0.452 |
| Education level | |||||
| No education | 34 (6.9) | 58.8 (44.2–78.3) | 508 (201–1288) | 2.31 (1.04–5.11) | 0.039 |
| Primary | 352 (71.1) | 31.5 (27.0–36.8) | 119 (75–188) | Reference | |
| Secondary | 103 (20.8) | 33.0 (25.0–43.5) | 56 (36–88) | 1.74 (1.02–2.96) | 0.041 |
| College and above | 6 (1.2) | 16.7 (2.3–18.3) | 4 (1–28) | 0.74 (0.08–7.21) | 0.797 |
| Occupation | |||||
| Unemployed | 4 (0.8) | 25.0 (3.5–77.5) | 54 (8–383) | – | |
| Farming | 444 (89.7) | 34.2 (30.1–39.0) | 137 (91–208) | – | |
| Business | 42 (8.5) | 31.0 (19.6–48.9) | 90 (37–220) | – | |
| Government employed | 5 (1.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | |
| Type of wall | |||||
| Stone/bricks/cement | 143 (28.9) | 25.9 (19.6–34.2) | 96 (29–321) | – | |
| Clay/mud | 195 (39.4) | 29.7 (24.0–36.9) | 85 (55–130) | – | |
| Wood | 129 (26.1) | 47.3 (39.4–56.8) | 184 (113–299) | – | |
| Iron sheets | 28 (5.7) | 35.7 (21.5–59.2) | 394 (114–1358) | – | |
| Source of water | |||||
| Piped/tap water | 54 (10.9) | 7.4 (2.9–19.2) | 5 (1–18) | 0.43 (0.10–1.83) | 0.260 |
| Borehole/well | 71 (14.3) | 52.1 (41.6–65.2) | 369 (164–834) | 0.74 (0.28–2.00) | 0.554 |
| Rainwater | 6 (1.2) | 66.7 (35.9–85.0) | 792 (398–1576) | 2.94 (0.42–20.58) | 0.278 |
| Stream/river | 35 (7.1) | 34.3 (21.5–54.6) | 88 (33–233) | Reference | |
| Canal | 327 (66.1) | 33.0 (28.3–38.5) | 94 (63–139) | 1.10 (0.48–2.53) | 0.826 |
| Others | 2 (0.4) | 50.0 (7.0–55.0) | 36 (5–256) | 3.16 (0.15–65.63) | 0.457 |