Table 2.
Genetic parameters of P. vivax mdr1 gene in Mesoamerica and other geographic sites
| Genetic parameters | Mesoamerica | South America | Outside America | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | SMX | NIC-NE | NIC-NW | HON | MA | BRZ | ECU | IR_PK | IND | SLK | NEP | AFR | MD | |
| N | 602 | 64 | 65 | 26 | 37 | 192 | 38 | 17 | 28 | 75 | 119 | 39 | 15 | 80 |
| SS and M | 18 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| H | 19 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Hd | 0.769 | 0.150 | 0.553 | 0.348 | 0.377 | 0.666 | 0.414 | 0.441 | 0.206 | 0.462 | 0.533 | 0.398 | 0.638 | 0.025 |
| π | 0.0027 | 0.0004 | 0.0028 | 0.0017 | 0.0011 | 0.0036 | 0.0016 | 0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0012 | 0.0012 | 0.0010 | 0.0018 | 0.00005 |
| θ | 0.0054 | 0.0013 | 0.0026 | 0.0022 | 0.001 | 0.0022 | 0.0039 | 0.0006 | 0.0016 | 0.0009 | 0.0008 | 0.0024 | 0.0025 | 0.0004 |
| Rm | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tests of neutrality | ||||||||||||||
| Tajima’s D | −1.161 | −1.297 | 0.181 | −0.5699 | 0.3077 | 1.361 | −1.681 | 0.949 | −1.527 | 0.7437 | 0.853 | −1.513 | −0.922 | −1.0526 |
| dN–dS: Z value/P | 0.116/0.908 | −0.598/0.551 | 1.108/0.270 | −0.534/0.595 | 1.44/0.153 | −0.295/0.769 | −0.570/0.57 | 1.046/0.298 | 1.667/0.098 | 1.337/0.184 | 1.371/0.173 | 1.845/0.067 | 0.416/0.678 | 1.047/0.297 |
The fragment comprising 477 bp was analyzed (nucleotide fragment 2773–3249); Z test of selection (HA: dN=/=dS)
SMX southern Mexico, NIC-NE Northeast Nicaragua, NIC-NW Northwest Nicaragua, HON Honduras, BRZ Brazil, ECU Ecuador, IR_PK Iran and Pakistan, IND India, SLK Sri Lanka, NEP Nepal, AFR Africa (includes samples from Sudan (n = 4), Cameroon (n = 8) and São Tomé (n = 3), MD Madagascar, N number of sequences, SS number of segregating sites, M nucleotide substitutions, H number of haplotypes, Hd haplotype diversity, π/θ indexes of diversity, Rm minimal number of recombination events