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Responses of birds to the playback of ‘tää’ calls of willow tits and background noise. (a) Number of birds (mean ± s.e.) within a 15 m distance of the loudspeaker. (b) Changes in the number of birds during the first 1.5 min of the playback. (c) Time to stay within a 15 m distance of the loudspeaker after the beginning of the playback. Sample size: n = 10 for both treatments.
