Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Educ Behav. 2017 Jan 10;44(4):598–612. doi: 10.1177/1090198116683169

Table 2.

Means (Standard Deviations) of Discrete Emotions and Outcomes for Three Alternative Tobacco Products (n=1,226)

Emotions and Outcomes Moist snuff Snus E-cigarettes
Emotions
 Anger 3.88 (2.80) 3.79 (2.76) 3.67 (2.76)
 Anxiety 3.91 (2.74) 3.87 (2.77) 3.73 (2.73)
 Sadness 3.62 (2.70) 3.57 (2.72) 3.45 (2.68)
 Guilt 3.09 (2.72) 3.12 (2.72) 3.04 (2.65)
 Disgust 4.60 (3.06) 4.29 (3.03) 3.80 (2.96)
 Discouragement 3.84 (2.92) 3.75 (2.89) 3.63 (2.89)
 Hope 2.96 (2.55) 3.24 (2.62) 3.83 (2.73)
Contentment 2.93 (2.33) 3.11 (2.38) 3.38 (2.37)
Outcomes
 Openness to using in the future 2.74 (2.51) 2.91 (2.56) 4.68 (3.17)
 Percent interested in a free sample 30.2 34.5 56.1

Note: All variables (except percent interested in a free sample) are on 1–9 scale.

Standard deviations are in parentheses.