Table 3.
Multivariable Associations between Demographics, Past Tobacco Use, Warning Label Condition, and Emotions and Openness to Trying Alternative Tobacco Products
| Independent variables | Moist snuff | Snus | E-cigarettes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Current smoker | 1.01 (0.74, 1.29) | 0.62 (0.35, 0.89) | 1.38 (1.1, 1.66) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.12) | 3.71 (3.37, 4.05) | 3.12 (2.77, 3.46) |
| Ever tried product | 2.02 (1.7, 2.35) | 1.62 (1.31, 1.92) | 1.65 (1.31, 2) | 1.08 (0.75, 1.4) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.34) | 0.84 (0.52, 1.16) |
| Gender (female) | −0.54 (−0.79, −0.3) | −0.34 (−0.57, −0.11) | −0.69 (−0.94, −0.44) | −0.44 (−0.67, −0.21) | 0.29 (0.01, 0.56) | 0.28 (0.02, 0.54) |
| Non-white | −0.4 (−0.67, −0.13) | −0.13 (−0.39, 0.12) | −0.54 (−0.81, −0.26) | −0.2 (−0.46, 0.05) | −0.25 (−0.55, 0.06) | −0.16 (−0.46, 0.13) |
| Age | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0) |
| Current WL | 0.09 (−0.29, 0.47) | 0.19 (−0.17, 0.54) | −0.26 (−0.64, 0.13) | −0.04 (−0.39, 0.31) | −0.34 (−0.77, 0.09) | −0.08 (−0.49, 0.33) |
| Lower risk WL | −0.06 (−0.44, 0.32) | −0.05 (−0.4, 0.3) | −0.22 (−0.61, 0.16) | −0.18 (−0.53, 0.17) | 0.2 (−0.23, 0.63) | 0.25 (−0.15, 0.66) |
| FDA-approved WL | 0.12 (−0.25, 0.5) | 0.18 (−0.17, 0.53) | −0.11 (−0.49, 0.28) | −0.01 (−0.36, 0.34) | −0.12 (−0.54, 0.31) | −0.08 (−0.49, 0.33) |
| Graphic WL | −0.26 (−0.63, 0.12) | 0.07 (−0.29, 0.44) | −0.58 (−0.97, −0.2) | 0.03 (−0.34, 0.4) | −0.48 (−0.91, −0.06) | 0.3 (−0.15, 0.74) |
| Anger | −0.1 (−0.18, −0.02) | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.03) | −0.13 (−0.24, −0.02) | |||
| Anxiety | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | |||
| Sadness | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.14) | |||
| Guilt | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.04) | −0.07 (−0.15, 0.01) | |||
| Disgust | −0.04 (−0.1, 0.02) | −0.09 (−0.15, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.06) | |||
| Discouragement | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.06) | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | |||
| Hope | 0.15 (0.07, 0.22) | 0.26 (0.19, 0.33) | 0.26 (0.19, 0.33) | |||
| Contentment | 0.29 (0.21, 0.37) | 0.21 (0.13, 0.29) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.1) | |||
| R2adj | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.3 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.5 |
| Δ R2 | 0.1 | 0.14 | 0.06 | |||
Note: Multivariable linear regressions, unstandardized regression coefficients (n=1226). Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < .05)
WL – warning labels. Warning labels conditions are in comparison to the condition with no warning.