. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 2.

Published in final edited form as: Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011 Aug 8;26(6):412–421. doi: 10.1002/hup.1224

Table 2.

Percentages of positive urine toxicologies collected during the third trimester of pregnancy

Urine toxicology positive for	Standard protocol			Clinical trial			χ² Meth	p Meth	χ ² Bup	p Bup	χ² TR	p TR
Urine toxicology positive for	Meth (n=51)	Bup (n=26)	SP (n=77)	Meth (n=19)	Bup (n=18)	(CT n=37)	χ² Meth	p Meth	χ ² Bup	p Bup	χ² TR	p TR
*Opioids*	36%	19%	30%	37%	28%	32%	0.007	0.932	0.416	0.706	0.056	0.812
*Cocaine*	7%	9%	8%	16%	6%	11%	1.239	0.355	0.178	1.000	0.311	0.719
*Benzodiazepines*	34%	18%	29%	16%	17%	16%	2.178	0.140	0.016	1.000	2.039	0.153
*Any additional substance*	52%	23%	42%	47%	33%	41%	0.132	0.717	0.559	0.498	0.026	0.871

SP, standard protocol; CT, clinical trial; Meth, methadone; Bup, buprenorphine; TR, treatment approach. χ²-test results are separately presented for each medication group (methadone/buprenorphine) and for the treatment approaches (SP/CT).