Table 1.
Ingredient composition of experimental diets (%)
| Item | CON1) | TMR1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| GP2) | EP2) | LP2) | GP | EP | LP | |
| Corn flake | 22.5 | 30 | 30 | 12.5 | 22 | 20.5 |
| Wheat bran | 30 | 36.5 | 33.5 | 3.85 | 3.85 | 3.85 |
| Corn gluten feed | 4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Molasses | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Palm mix | 7 | 12 | 10 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 10 |
| Soybean meal | - | 4 | 12 | - | - | - |
| Soybean hull | 13.2 | 2.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Brewer’s grain | - | - | - | 24 | 22 | 23 |
| Wheat hull | 12 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rye grass | - | - | - | 6 | 8.1 | |
| Lupin | - | - | - | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Alfafa+timothy hay3) | - | - | - | 20 | 18 | - |
| Rice straw+Mugwort4) | - | - | - | 9.25 | 9.25 | 9.25 |
| Base feed5) | - | - | - | - | - | 8.5 |
| Salt+limestone | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.15 |
| Premix6) | 2.3 | 2 | 1.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.65 |
TMR, total mixed ration; GP, growing period; EP, fattening period; LP, finishing period.
1)
CON, steers fed concentrate and rice straw separately; TMR, steers fed a TMR.
2)
GP, 8–12 month of age; EP, 13–23 month of age; LP, 24–30 month of age.
3)
Alfalfa, 50%; Timothy, 50%.
4)
Rice straw, 80%; Mugwort, 20%.
5)
Corn flake, 38%; corn gluten feed, 6%; wheat bran 41%; soybean meal, 15%.
6)
Contained per kg diet: Vitamin A, 180,000 IU; Vitamin D3, 53,000 IU; Vitamin E, 1,500 IU; Mn, 4,400 mg; Zn, 4,400 mg; Fe, 13,200 mg; Cu, 2,200 mg; I, 440 mg; Co, 440 mg.