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. 2017 May 24;14(1):1049–1053. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6237

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Cell survival assay. KLN205 cells were treated with 5-ALA-PDT at a fluence of (A) 0, (B) 1, (C) 5 or (D) 10 J/cm2 following incubation with the indicated concentrations of 5-ALA and/or metformin. At a fluence of 1 J/cm2, 5-ALA-PDT with 1 mM metformin had a significantly increased cytotoxic effect compared with 0.1 mM metformin (P=0.0088). At a fluence of 5 J/cm2, 5-ALA-PDT with 5 mM metformin had a significantly increased cytotoxic effect compared with that of 0 or 0.1 mM metformin (P=0.0198 and P=0.0424, respectively). At a fluence of 10 J/cm2, 5-ALA-PDT with 5 mM metformin had a significantly increased cytotoxic effect compared with that of 0.1 mM metformin (P=0.0424). Results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=4). 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; PDT, photodynamic therapy.