Figure 3.

Delphinidin suppresses the proliferation of SKOV3 cells through the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways. (A) Effects of pharmacological inhibitors, including 20 µM LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), 20 µM SB203580 (a P38 MAPK inhibitor) or 10 µM U0126 (an ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor), of cell signaling pathways on the proliferation of SKOV3 cells treated with delphinidin. The results exhibit relative differences in cell proliferation, as compared with non-treated SKOV3 cells set at 100%. Starved SKOV3 cells were pretreated with 20 µM LY294002 or 10 µM U0126, or with a combination of both inhibitors for 1 h and then incubated with 10 µM delphinidin for 30 min. Phosphorylation of (B) AKT, (C) ERK1/2, (D) P70S6K and (E) S6 was determined in SKOV3 cells by western blot analysis. Blotting membranes were imaged to analyze the normalized values by calculation of the abundance of phosphorylated protein relative to total protein. All quantitative data are presented as least square means with overall standard error of the mean. ***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05, compared with delphinidin treatment.. PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase; ERK, extracellular-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; p, phosphorylated; t, total protein; AKT, protein kinase B.