Table I.
Main characteristics of patients with breast cancer, and the association between the SPHK1 and clinicopathological parameters (n=122).
| SPHK1 expression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Features | No. | High, n (%) | Low, n (%) | χ2 | P-value |
| Age, | 2.6011 | 0.1068 | |||
| <60 years | 93 | 45 (36.9) | 48 (39.3) | ||
| ≥60 years | 29 | 19 (15.6) | 10 (8.2) | ||
| Gravidity | 0.8801 | 0.9321 | |||
| 1 | 60 | 30 (24.6) | 30 (24.6) | ||
| 2 | 22 | 12 (9.8) | 10 (8.2) | ||
| 3 | 7 | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| 4 | 11 | 7 (5.7) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| ≥5 | 5 | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||
| Unknown | 17 | 7 (5.7) | 10 (8.2) | ||
| Age at menarche, years | 2.8928 | 0.4171 | |||
| ≤12 | 14 | 5 (4.1) | 11 (9.0) | ||
| 13–14 | 78 | 40 (32.8) | 38 (31.1) | ||
| 15–16 | 15 | 9 (7.4) | 6 (4.9) | ||
| ≥17 | 6 | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Missing data | 7 | 7 (5.7) | 0 (0) | ||
| Initial symptoms | 14.3048 | 0.0025a | |||
| Lump | 92 | 39 (32.0) | 53 (43.5) | ||
| Pain | 13 | 12 (9.8) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Nipple changes | 5 | 2 (1.6) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Clinical screening | 6 | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Unknown | 6 | 6 (4.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Tumor location | 5.3123 | 0.0457a | |||
| Right | 61 | 26 (21.3) | 35 (28.7) | ||
| Left | 60 | 37 (30.3) | 23 (18.9) | ||
| Both-sides | 1 | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | ||
| Tumor histology | 0.7865 | 0.3752 | |||
| Carcinomas in situ | 9 | 6 (4.9) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Invasive carcinomas | 113 | 58 (47.5) | 55 (45.1) | ||
| Types of invasive carcinomas | 5.5517 | 0.0843 | |||
| Ductal | 97 | 53 (46.9) | 44 (38.9) | ||
| Lobular | 4 | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | ||
| Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 5 | 0 (0) | 5 (4.4) | ||
| Cephaloma | 2 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | ||
| Others | 5 | 2 (1.8) | 3 (2.6) | ||
| Histological grade | 2.9182 | 0.2531 | |||
| I | 10 | 8 (6.6) | 2 (1.6) | ||
| II | 70 | 38 (31.1) | 32 (26.3) | ||
| III | 11 | 5 (4.1) | 6 (4.9) | ||
| Unknown | 31 | 10 (8.2) | 21 (17.2) | ||
| Tumor size, cm | 0.4706 | 0.8883 | |||
| <2.0 | 36 | 15 (12.2) | 11 (9.0) | ||
| ≥2.0 and ≤5.0 | 78 | 39 (32.0) | 39 (32.0) | ||
| >5.0 | 6 | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Unknown | 12 | 6 (4.9) | 6 (4.9) | ||
| Lymph nodes status | 10.3477 | 0.0013a | |||
| Positive | 62 | 41 (33.6) | 21 (17.2) | ||
| Negative | 55 | 20 (16.4) | 35 (28.7) | ||
| Unknown | 5 | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.6) | ||
| No. of positive lymph nodes | 7.2395 | 0.0268a | |||
| <5 | 92 | 42 (34.4) | 50 (41.0) | ||
| 5–10 | 16 | 11 (9.0) | 5 (4.1) | ||
| >10 | 14 | 11 (9.0) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Distant metastasis | 8.8374 | 0.0030a | |||
| Positive | 32 | 24 (19.7) | 8 (6.5) | ||
| Negative | 90 | 40 (32.8) | 50 (41.0) | ||
| ER status | 0.0104 | 0.9186 | |||
| Positive | 57 | 29 (23.8) | 26 (21.3) | ||
| Negative | 52 | 29 (23.8) | 25 (20.5) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| PR status | 1.2539 | 0.2628 | |||
| Positive | 38 | 23 (18.9) | 15 (12.3) | ||
| Negative | 71 | 35 (28.7) | 36 (29.5) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| HER2 status | 6.6422 | 0.0100a | |||
| Positive | 44 | 30 (24.6) | 14 (11.5) | ||
| Negative | 65 | 28 (23.0) | 37 (30.3) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| P53 status | 0.0778 | 0.7803 | |||
| Positive | 37 | 19 (15.6) | 18 (14.8) | ||
| Negative | 72 | 39 (32.0) | 33 (27.0) | ||
| Unknown | 13 | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| Intrinsic subtype | 1.5973 | 0.6600 | |||
| Luminal A | 54 | 28 (23.0) | 26 (21.3) | ||
| Luminal B | 7 | 4 (3.3) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| HER2 type | 5 | 4 (3.3) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Basal-like | 43 | 22 (18.0) | 21 (17.2) | ||
| Undefined | 13 | 6 (4.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
a
P-values were calculated using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. The significance of bold values is P<0.05. HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; SPHK1, sphingosine kinase 1.