Table 2.

Mendelian randomisation studies using genetic risk scores (GRSs) to explore causality between uricaemia and cardiovascular outcomes; positive studies

Author year [ref]	GRS instrumental variable	No. of participants	Population	Account of pleiotropy	Main results
Kleber 2015 [64]	8 SNPs	3315	LURIC cohort German	No pleiotropy found	Association with cardiovascular mortality and sudden cardiac death
Yan 2016 [65]	17 SNPs 14 excluded	T2DM >3200	China, Cross-sectional	Exclusion of 14 genes that are pleiotropic or in linkage disequilibrium	Association with diabetic macro-angiopathy

GRS genetic risk score, SNP single nucleotide polymorphisms, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus