Table 1.
Comparison of Two Studies Assessing Sources of Dietary Sodium Intake in United States Adults.
| Mattes and Donnelly (1991)3 | Harnack, et al (2017)2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Sample characteristics | ||||
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| Sample size (n) | 62 | 450 | ||
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| Female (%) | 74 | 50 | ||
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| Race/ethnicity | Category (%) | Category (%) | ||
| Black | 23 | African American | 22 | |
| White | 71 | Non-Hispanic White | 34 | |
| Native American | 5 | Asian | 22 | |
| Unknown | 2 | Hispanic | 22 | |
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| Age | Mean years (SD) | Category (%) | ||
| 30.1 (9.0) | 18–29 | 27 | ||
| 30–44 | 23 | |||
| 45–59 | 30 | |||
| 60–74 | 21 | |||
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| Hypertension (%) | 0 | 24 | ||
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| Study design | ||||
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| Inclusion criteria | Normotensive, not adhering to any therapeutic diet | Free from chronic kidney disease or diabetes insipidus | ||
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| Sites | Philadelphia, PA | Birmingham, AL; Palo Alto, CA; Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | ||
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| Diet measurement | Food records over 7 consecutive days | Four record-assisted telephone 24-hour dietary recall interviews over 11 days | ||
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| Measurement of salt added in cooking and at the table | Pre-weighed salt shakers | Collection of duplicate samples | ||
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| Validation of sodium intake | 24-hour urines on days 5, 6, 7 | 24-hour urines on 4 days in a subset of participants (n=150) | ||
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| Reliability of sodium sources | Procedures repeated 8 and 25 weeks later among a subset of participants (n=20) | Not assessed | ||
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| Mean sodium intake (mg Na/day) | 3938 | 3501 | ||
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| Sodium sources (%) | ||||
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| Processing-added | 77 | 71 | ||
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| Inherent | 12 | 14 | ||
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| Cooking | 6 | 6 | ||
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| Table | 5 | 5 | ||
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| Water | <1 | <1 | ||
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| Dietary supplements or non-prescription antacids | Not assessed | <1 | ||