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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Reprod Immunol. 2017 Apr 6;120:20–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.04.001

Figure 3. Comparison of human milk cytokine levels between women with and without pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.

Figure 3

Women with pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders (n=101) were compared to women without hypertensive disorders (n=199). Women with hypertensive disorders had higher levels of (a) IL-6, (b) TNF, (c) IL-8, (d) MIP-1β, (e) MCP-1, (f) IL-4, (g) IFN-γ, and (h) TGF-β3 in their colostrum and mature milk. Col-HTN, colostrum from hypertensive mothers; Col-No HTN, colostrum of mothers with no hypertension; Mat-HTN, mature milk from hypertensive mothers; Mat-No HTN, mature milk from mothers with no hypertension. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. Statistical significance was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test