TABLE II.
Clinical features | Overall | [1]a | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | [6] | [7] | Present study (N = 39) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestation | |||||||||
Reduction or absence of intrauterine fetal activity | 77 | NGb | 54 | NG | 74 | NG | 84 | NG | 86 |
Breech delivery | 33 | 25 | 25 | NG | 40 | NG | 38 | NG | 30 |
Neonatal period and infancy | |||||||||
Low birth weight (< 2.27 kg) | 36 | 12 | 76c | 36c | 21 | 24 | 20 | NG | 17 |
Neonatal feeding difficulty | 94 | 100 | 91 | 100 | 100 | 60 | 90 | 100 | 100 |
Hypotonia | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | NG | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Retarded psychomotor development | 98 | 100 | NG | 100 | 100 | NG | 90 | 92 | 100 |
CNS function and behavior | |||||||||
Mental impairment | 99 | 100 | 94d | 100 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Convulsions | 19 | NG | 12 | 0 | 16 | 39 | 20 | NG | 24 |
Hyperphagia | 86 | NG | NG | 100 | NG | NG | 71 | 100 | 85 |
Growth | |||||||||
Obesity | 93 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 65 | 100 | 100 | 87f |
Short stature (< −1 SD) | 78 | 63 | 100 | 57 | 94 | 50 | 90 | 83 | 71 |
Facies | |||||||||
Almond-shaped palpebral fissures | 55 | NG | NG | NG | [9 | NG | NG | 92 | 74 |
Sexual Development | |||||||||
Hypogenitalism | 98 | 88 | 100 | 100c | 100 | NG | 100 | 83 | 100 |
Limbs | |||||||||
Small hands and feet | 76 | NG | 100 | 86 | 79 | NG | 100 | 67 | 71 |
Metabolic system | |||||||||
Reduced glucose tolerance | 34 | NG | NG | 93 | 30 | NG | NG | NG | 15 |
1, Laurance [1967], N = 8; 2, Dunn [1968], N = 17; 3, Zellweger and Schneider [1968], N = 14; 4, Hall and Smith [1972], N = 32; 5, Mattel et al [1983], N = 20; 6, Bray et al [1983], N = 21; 7, Cassidy et al [1984], N = 12.
NG, not given.
3,000 g used as cut-off.
IQ 70 used as cut-off.
Males only.
Triceps skinfold >85th percentile.