Blood enters the spleen through the afferent splenic artery and is directed either to the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and follicles, or to the red pulp and sinuses. Antigen-presenting cells interact with phagocytic cells and lymphocytes to mount humoral and innate responses to malaria. Figure adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nat Rev Immunol, Mebius, R. E., Kraal, G. Structure and function of the spleen. 5, 606–616, ©2005