Subcellular localization and phylogenetic analysis of rice candidate GGPPSs. (A) Transient expression of four rice PTS homologs fused to EYFP in rice leaf protoplasts showing plastidic localization. Os07g39270 (OsGGPPS1) exhibits two patterns. (Upper) Representative of 77% protoplasts. (Middle) Representative of 23% protoplasts. Chl, chlorophyll autofluorescence; cTP, chloroplast transit peptide of Os07g39270 (OsGGPPS1) fused to EYFP. (Scale bars, 5 μm.) (B) Phylogenetic analysis of 12 rice PTS homologs with AtGGPPS11 and AtSSU II. Rice plastidic PTSs are shown in bold. (C) Immunoblot analysis of Os07g39270 (OsGGPPS1) and Os02g44780 (OsGRP) subchloroplast localization. Env, envelope membranes; Str, stroma; TM, thylakoid membrane. Tic110 and RbcL were used as markers for the envelope and stroma fractions, respectively. OsGGR, rice geranylgeranyl reductase; OsLIL3, rice light-harvesting-like protein 3.