. 2017 Jul 3;12(7):e0180108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180108

Table 5. The summary outcomes of this meta-analysis (including those of sensitivity analysis).

All the 12 included studies (12 studies)	MMI/CMZ vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ vs. Control	PTU vs. No ATD	PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ vs. PTU
No. of the included studies	8	4	7	4	3	2	9
Participants	19054	1462483	19263	1463993	10980	1446873	7256
Odds Ratio [95%CI]	1.72[1.41, 2.09]	1.61[1.32, 1.97]	1.10[0.92, 1.32]	1.29[1.07, 1.55]	1.76[1.21, 2.56]	1.92[1.32, 2.81]	1.38[1.08, 1.77]
I²	40%	1%	25%	0%	0%	0%	38%
P	<0.00001	<0.00001	0.30	0.008	0.003	0.0007	0.01
Excluded studies with sample size less than or equal to 30 (9 studies)	MMI/CMZ vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ vs. Control	PTU vs. No ATD	PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ vs. PTU
No. of the included studies	6	4	5	4	2	2	6
Participants	17780	1462483	17496	1463993	9760	1446873	6653
Odds Ratio [95%CI]	1.68[1.37, 2.05]	1.61[1.32, 1.97]	1.17[0.97, 1.42]	1.29[1.07, 1.55]	1.88[1.27, 2.77]	1.92[1.32, 2.81]	1.31[1.01, 1.69]
I²	0%	1%	5%	0%	0%	0%	29%
P	<0.00001	<0.00001	0.11	0.008	0.002	0.0007	0.04
Only major congenital malformations (7 studies)	MMI/CMZ vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ vs. Control	PTU vs. No ATD	PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. No ATD	MMI/CMZ &PTU vs. Control	MMI/CMZ vs. PTU
No. of the included studies	4	2	3	2	0	0	4
Participants	7100	14690	6542	15926	0	0	3969
Odds Ratio [95%CI]	1.75[1.22, 2.53]	2.75[0.58, 12.96]	0.91[0.59, 1.41]	0.91[0.40, 2.06]	—	—	1.73[1.15, 2.59]
I²	0%	0%	0%	11%	—	—	11%
P	0.003	0.20	0.67	0.82	—	—	0.008

Abbreviations are as follows: CI, confidence interval; I², heterogeneity; P, p value; MMI, methimazole; CMZ, carbimazole; PTU, propylthiouracil; ATD, antithyroid drugs; vs., versus; /, or; &, and.