TABLE 3.
Dosing Errors by Dose Amount: Role of the Dose Volume to Tool Capacity Relationship and Health Literacy
| Dosing Error (>20% Deviation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Trials with Errors per Parenta | Pb | aORc | 95% CI | P | |
| Dose volume: 2 mL | |||||
| Overall (N = 479) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 71.0 | <.001 | 7.5 | 5.7–10.0 | <.001 |
| Syringe: 5 mLd | 10.9 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.4 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mL | 26.5 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Low HL (n = 135) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 80.7 | <.001 | 11.9 | 6.5–21.9 | <.001 |
| Syringe: 5 mLd | 18.5 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.8 | .004 | |
| Syringe: 10 mL | 32.6 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Marginal HL (n = 211) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 70.1 | <.001 | 6.9 | 4.5–10.5 | <.001 |
| Syringe: 5 mLd | 8.5 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.4 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mL | 28.4 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Adequate HL (n = 133) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 62.4 | <.001 | 8.7 | 4.9–15.3 | <.001 |
| Syringe: 5 mLd | 6.8 | 0.3 | 0.2–0.6 | .0009 | |
| Syringe: 10 mL | 17.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Dose volume: 7.5 mL | |||||
| Overall (N = 479) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 17.8 | <.001 | 2.1 | 1.5–2.9 | <.001 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 28.4 | 4.0 | 3.0–5.4 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 9.8 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Low HL (n = 135) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 24.4 | <.001 | 1.3 | 0.8–2.2 | .2 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 54.1 | 5.1 | 3.3–7.9 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 19.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Marginal HL (n = 211) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 17.5 | <.001 | 3.0 | 1.5–5.8 | .001 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 23.7 | 4.6 | 2.7–8.1 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 6.7 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Adequate HL (n = 133) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 11.3 | .002 | 2.3 | 1.2–4.6 | .02 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 9.8 | 2.1 | 1.3–3.5 | .003 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 5.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Dose volume: 10 mL | |||||
| Overall (N = 479) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 12.1 | <.001 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.4 | .004 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 24.2 | 4.1 | 2.9–5.8 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 7.9 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Low HL (n = 135) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 17.0 | <.001 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | .6 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 42.2 | 4.3 | 2.7–7.0 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 16.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Marginal HL (n = 211) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 10.4 | <.001 | 2.7 | 1.2–5.9 | .01 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 21.3 | 6.5 | 3.3–13.1 | <.001 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 4.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
| Adequate HL (n = 133) | |||||
| Dosing tool type | |||||
| Dosing cup | 9.8 | .1 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.4 | .1 |
| Syringe: 5 mL | 10.5 | 2.1 | 0.9–4.8 | .1 | |
| Syringe: 10 mLd | 5.3 | 1.0 | Ref | Ref | |
Tool type by health literacy interaction found for 7.5 mL dose (P = .004) and 10 mL dose (P = .04), but not for 2 mL dose (P = .4). CI, confidence interval. HL, health literacy.
a
Percent of trials (out of 3 trials per parent per tool) with errors per parent, averaged across parents.
b
Type 3 χ2 from full model.
c
Full model adjusting for randomization group, tool type, dose amount, dosing order, and language.
d
Tool with most closely matched dosing-tool capacity to prescribed dose volume, without the need for measurement of more than 1 instrument-full for a single dose.