TABLE 2.
Sleep Outcome Differences Between Infants Who Are Independently Sleeping by 4 mo Versus Those Who Are Not
| Early Independent Sleepers | Later Independent Sleepers | Still Room-Sharing at 9 mo | Early Independent Sleepers Versus Other Groups | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 142 | N = 62 | N = 26b | aOR (95% CI) | ||
| 4-mo assessment | |||||
| Bedtime routine, N (%) | |||||
| Consistent bedtime routine | 53 (37) | 12 (20) | 8 (32) | 1.93 (1.05–3.53) | .03 |
| Falls asleep while feeding | 72 (51) | 41 (66) | 10 (40) | 0.76 (0.44–1.31) | .32 |
| Put to bed drowsy but awake | 61 (43) | 19 (27) | 7 (28) | 1.70 (0.96–3.03) | .07 |
| Bedtime 8 pm or earlier | 60 (42) | 18 (22) | 5 (20) | 1.93 (1.06–3.53) | .03 |
| Longest sleep stretch, min (SD) | 469 (139) | 415 (154) | 440 (165) | — | .02 |
| Night wakings, mean ± SD | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.8) | — | .14 |
| Night feedings, mean ± SD | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.2) | — | .02 |
| Fed back to sleep, N (%) | 78 (55) | 46 (74) | 16 (64) | 0.51 (0.29–0.92) | .02 |
| Sleep safety, N (%) | |||||
| Nonsupine sleep position | 12 (9) | 3 (5) | 4 (16) | 1.03 (0.39–2.72) | .96 |
| Unapproved object on sleep surface | 48 (34) | 29 (48) | 14 (56) | 0.49 (0.28–0.85) | .02 |
| Brought to parent bed overnight | 7 (5) | 9 (15) | 6 (24) | 0.24 (0.09–0.61) | .003 |
| Maternal sleep poor or very poor, N (%) | 11 (8) | 10 (17) | 3 (12) | 0.47 (0.20–1.11) | .09 |
a
Reported P values are comparing the first column (independent sleeping by 4 mo) versus the other 2 combined, adjusted for study group by using ANOVA for continuous outcomes and logistic regression for categorical outcomes.
b
Includes 5 infants who were not room-sharing at 4 mo.